Xerophyllum tenax

(Pursh) Nuttall

Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 1: 235. 1818.

Common names: Bear-grass squaw-grass elk-grass Indian-basket-grass
IllustratedEndemic
Basionym: Helonias tenax Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 243, plate 9. 1814
Synonyms: Xerophyllum douglasii S. Watson
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 26. Treatment on page 72. Mentioned on page 70, 71, 185.

Stems (0.8–) 1.2–1.8 (–2) m. Leaf-blade 2–8 (–10) dm × 2–4 (–6) mm. Racemes 5–7 dm. Tepals oblong to lanceolate, 6–9 × 2–3 mm; styles 4 mm. Capsules 5–7 mm. Seeds 4 per locule. 2n = 30.


Phenology: Flowering spring–early summer.
Habitat: Open coniferous woods, dry ridges, rocky slopes, and clearings
Elevation: 0–2300 m

Distribution

V26 51-distribution-map.jpg

Alta., B.C., Calif., Idaho, Mont., Oreg., Wash., Wyo.

Discussion

Xerophyllum tenax, variable in plant and flower size, is without evident geographic races (S. M. Maule 1959). Similar in most respects to X. asphodeloides but more robust, X. tenax typically has twice the number of flowers (F. H. Utech 1978c). The leaf fibers were used by native tribes for garments and decorative, watertight baskets. The bulbous rhizomes were roasted for several days before being eaten.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

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... more about "Xerophyllum tenax"
versatile +  and dorsifixed +
cordate +  and linear +
pointed +
Frederick H. Utech +
(Pursh) Nuttall +
whorled +, opposite +  and alternate +
dilated +
Helonias tenax +
reticulate-veined +  and parallel-veined +
sheathing +  and involucrate +
1;several +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br />) +
Bear-grass +, squaw-grass +, elk-grass +  and Indian-basket-grass +
Alta. +, B.C. +, Calif. +, Idaho +, Mont. +, Oreg. +, Wash. +  and Wyo. +
0–2300 m +
dilated +  and subulate +
sessile +  and pedicellate +
spreading +  and erect +
unisexual +  and bisexual +
semirotate +
loculicidal +
globular +  and ovoid +
membranaceous +  and leathery +
Open coniferous woods, dry ridges, rocky slopes, and clearings +
bracteate +  and flowered +
terminal-racemose +  and corymbose +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br />) +
persistent +
dilated +
reduced +
not flowering +
many;several +
erect +  and spreading +
3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br /> (5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br />) +
zygomorphic +  and actinomorphic +
Flowering spring–early summer. +
Gen. N. Amer. Pl. +
cordlike +
wind-distributed +
greenish brown +
3-angled +  and oblong-fusiform +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
Illustrated +  and Endemic +
epitepalous +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
180 cm1,800 mm <br />1.8 m <br /> (200 cm2,000 mm <br />2 m <br />) +
120 cm1,200 mm <br />1.2 m <br /> (180 cm1,800 mm <br />1.8 m <br />) +
1 +  and several +
papillate +
persistent +
distinct +
4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br /> (?) +
Xerophyllum douglasii +
Xerophyllum tenax +
Xerophyllum +
species +
creamy white +
persistent +
distinct +
oblong +  and lanceolate +
subequal +
2mm;3mm +
sepaloid +  and petaloid +
narrower +
caulescent +  and scapose +
3 +  and 2 +