Zephyranthes candida

(Lindley) Herbert

Bot. Mag. 53: plate 2607. 1826.

Common names: Autumn rain-lily Peruvian swamp-lily
Introduced
Basionym: Amaryllis candida Lindley Bot. Reg. 9: plate 724. 1823
Synonyms: Argyropsis candida (Lindley) M. Roemer Atamosco candida (Lindley) Sasaki Plectronema candida (Lindley) Rafinesque
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 26. Treatment on page 302. Mentioned on page 297, 299, 303.

Leaf-blade glossy deep green, to 3 mm wide. Spathe (1.8–) 2–4 cm. Flowers erect; perianth white, sometimes pinkish abaxially, subrotate, 3–4.5 cm; perianth-tube green, 0.1–0.4 cm, increasing in diam., less than 1/4 times perianth length, 1/5–1/3 times filament length, ca. 1/10 times spathe length; tepals not reflexed; stamens diverging, subequal; filaments filiform, 1–1.4 cm; anthers 5–8 mm; style longer than perianth-tube; stigma capitate, usually among or exserted less than 2 mm beyond anthers; pedicel (0.4–) 1–2.5 cm, usually shorter than spathe. 2n = 38.


Phenology: Flowering summer–mid fall (Jun–Nov).
Habitat: Sandy humus soil, coastal plains
Elevation: 0-200 m

Distribution

V26 588-distribution-map.jpg

Introduced; Ala., Fla., Ga., La., Miss., N.C., S.C., Tex., South America (Argentina), South America (Peru), South America (Uruguay)

Discussion

W. Herbert (1837) suggested that Zephyranthes candida might belong in a segregate genus, and within ten years Rafinesque and M. Roemer each separated it from Zephyranthes. Its leaves are about twice as thick as those of other species in the genus, and they persist through winter frosts and snow, a rare, if not unique, characteristic in Zephyranthes. The stigmatic lobes are not globose, as in Z. chlorosolen, but are somewhat erect and might be described as very abbreviated linear lobes; a careful study of fresh stigmas of “capitate” species is in order. Also, the chromosome complement of Z. candida appears to be anomalous within Zephyranthes. The species has been maintained in Zephyranthes for more than a century, but were Herbert, Rafinesque, and Roemer correct after all?

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"wide" is not a number."thicker" is not a number.

... more about "Zephyranthes candida"
dorsifixed +
linear-oblong +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br />) +
Raymond O. Flagg +, Gerald L. Smith +  and Walter S. Flory† +
(Lindley) Herbert +
whorled +, opposite +  and alternate +
overlapping +
dilated +
Amaryllis candida +
reticulate-veined +  and parallel-veined +
sheathing +  and involucrate +
1;several +
brown +  and black +
Autumn rain-lily +  and Peruvian swamp-lily +
Ala. +, Fla. +, Ga. +, La. +, Miss. +, N.C. +, S.C. +, Tex. +, South America (Argentina) +, South America (Peru) +  and South America (Uruguay) +
0-200 m +
diverging +  and erect +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (1.4 cm14 mm <br />0.014 m <br />) +
actinomorphic +
unisexual +  and bisexual +
thin-walled +  and capsular +
indehiscent +, septicidal +  and loculicidal +
oblate +  and subglobose +
membranaceous +  and leathery +
Sandy humus soil, coastal plains +
ebracteate +, spathaceous +  and 1-flowered +
paired +, paniculate +  and racemose +
persistent +
recumbent +  and erect +
many;several +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (2.5 cm25 mm <br />0.025 m <br />) +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
1/10 times spathe length +  and 1/5-1/3 times filament length +
zygomorphic +  and actinomorphic +
pinkish +  and white +
subrotate +
3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br /> (4.5 cm45 mm <br />0.045 m <br />) +
Flowering summer–mid fall (Jun–Nov). +
wind-distributed +
wedge--shaped +
1.8 cm18 mm <br />0.018 m <br /> (2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br />) +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br />) +
Introduced +
adnate +  and free +
staminodial +
subequal +
subequal to unequal +  and equal +
1 +  and several +
3-fid +  and capitate +
3 +  and 1 +
filiform +
Argyropsis candida +, Atamosco candida +  and Plectronema candida +
Zephyranthes candida +
Zephyranthes +
species +
connate +  and distinct +
not reflexed +
subequal +
sepaloid +  and petaloid +
narrower +
3 +  and 2 +