familyLiliaceae
genusZigadenus
speciesZigadenus venenosus
varietyZigadenus venenosus var. gramineus

Zigadenus venenosus var. gramineus

(Rydberg) O. S. Walsh ex C. L. Hitchcock in C. L. Hitchcock et al.

in C. L. Hitchcock et al., Vasc. Pl. Pacif. N.W. 1: 815. 1969.

Fayla C. Schwartz
Common names: Grassy death camas
Endemic
Basionym: Zigadenus gramineus Rydberg Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 27: 535. 1900 (as Zygadenus)
Synonyms: Toxicoscordion acutum (Rydberg) Rydberg Toxicoscordion falcatum (Rydberg) Rydberg Toxicoscordion gramineum (Rydberg) Rydberg Toxicoscordion intermedium (Rydberg) Rydberg Zigadenus acutus Rydberg Zigadenus falcatus Rydberg Zigadenus intermedius Rydberg
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 26. Treatment on page 84.

Inflorescences mostly paniculate with 1–2 basal branches, occasionally racemose, 2–15 × 2–5 cm. Flowers: outer tepals not clawed, or clawed less than 5 mm. Capsules 9–20 × 4–7 mm.


Phenology: Flowering Apr–Jul.
Habitat: Inland grasslands, open pine woods
Elevation: 500–1300 m

Distribution

V26 78-distribution-map.jpg

Alta., B.C., Sask., Colo., Idaho, Mont., Nebr., N.Dak., Oreg., S.Dak., Wash., Wyo.

Discussion

Variety gramineus is most easily distinguished from var. venenosus by its paniculate inflorescence, although some individuals in each population are racemose. It occurs well inland, east of the Cascade and Rocky mountains and at high elevations within those ranges.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"broad" is not a number."/10lengthofentireinflorescence" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property."thicker" is not a number.

... more about "Zigadenus venenosus var. gramineus"
RDF feed
2n chromosome quantity
22 +
Alkaloid toxicity
toxic +
Anther dehiscence
introrse +, extrorse +  and transverse +
Anther fixation
versatile +
Anther shape
reniform +
Apex shape
acute +
Author
Fayla C. Schwartz +
Authority
(Rydberg) O. S. Walsh ex C. L. Hitchcock in C. L. Hitchcock et al. +
Basal branch quantity
1 (?) +  and 2 (?) +
Basal leaf architecture or shape
sheathing +
Basal leaf arrangement
whorled +, opposite +  and alternate +
Basal leaf growth form or texture
herbaceous +
Base shape
dilated +
Basionyms
Zigadenus gramineus +
Blade architecture
reticulate-veined +  and parallel-veined +
Blade size or width
narrow +
Bract architecture
foliaceous +
Bract coloration
white +  and green +
Bract presence
absent +
Bract quantity
2 +
Bract some measurement
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (2.5 cm25 mm <br />0.025 m <br />) +
Bract texture
membranous +
Branch orientation
diverging +
Branch quantity
1 +
Bulb architecture
tunicate +
Bulb arrangement
not clumped +
Bulb length
10mm +  and 30mm +
Bulb shape
Ovoid (?) +
Bulb width
0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> (2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br />) +
Capsule length
0.9 cm9 mm <br />0.009 m <br /> (2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br />) +
Capsule width
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br />) +
Common name
Grassy death camas +
Corm architecture
solid +
Distal leaf architecture or shape
sheathing +
Distal leaf size
reduced +
Distal margin architecture or course
irregular +
Distal margin prominence
Evident (Obscure) +
Distribution
Alta. +, B.C. +, Sask. +, Colo. +, Idaho +, Mont. +, Nebr. +, N.Dak. +, Oreg. +, S.Dak. +, Wash. +  and Wyo. +
Elaiosome texture
fleshy +
Elevation
500–1300 m +
Filament course
straight +
Filament shape
connate-coroniform +  and dilated +
Filament size
slender +
Flower architecture
staminate +  and pedicellate +
Flower quantity
single +
Flower reproduction
protandrous +  and bisexual +
Fruit architecture
capsular +
Fruit condition or texture
dry +
Fruit dehiscence
loculicidal +  and septicidal +
Fruit texture
membranaceous +  and leathery +
Gland quantity
1 +
Gland shape
obovate +
Habitat
Inland grasslands, open pine woods +
Illustration copyright
Flora of North America Association +
Illustrator
Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey +
Inflorescence architecture
10-50-flowered +
Inflorescence arrangement
racemose +  and paniculate +
Inflorescence length
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (?) +  and 15 cm150 mm <br />0.15 m <br /> (?) +
Inflorescence position or structure subtype
terminal +
Inflorescence pubescence
glabrous +
Inflorescence width
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br />) +
Leaf architecture
simple +
Leaf arrangement
alternate +
Leaf duration
persistent +
Leaf position
basal +
Leaf quantity
0 (10) +
Main axis degree
10°-60° +
Margin architecture or shape
entire +
Margin arrangement
parallel +
Margin arrangement or course or shape
linear +
Margin pubescence
glabrous +
Nectary gland coloration
yellow;green +
Nectary gland position
basal +
Nectary gland presence
absent +
Nectary gland prominence
obscure +
Nectary gland quantity
1 +
Number of lower taxa
0 +
Outer tepal shape
Clawed (?) +  and Not clawed (?) +
Outer tepal some measurement
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br />) +
Ovary architecture or structure in adjective form
(2-)3(-4)-locular +
Ovary position
inferior +
Ovule quantity
many;several +
Pedicel architecture
bracteate +
Pedicel orientation
perpendicular +  and ascending +
Pedicel some measurement
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (2.5 cm25 mm <br />0.025 m <br />) +
Perianth architecture
actinomorphic +
Perianth coloration
cream colored +  and greenish or red tinged +
Perianth diameter
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
Perianth position
hypogynous +
Perianth prominence
showy +
Perianth shape
campanulate +
Phenology
Flowering Apr–Jul. +
Pistil quantity
1 +
Pistil shape
tapering +
Proximal blade length
12 cm120 mm <br />0.12 m <br /> (50 cm500 mm <br />0.5 m <br />) +
Proximal blade width
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
Publication title
in C. L. Hitchcock et al., Vasc. Pl. Pacif. N.W. +
Publication year
1969 +
Reference
None +
Root architecture
contractile +
Section architecture or shape
beaked +
Section quantity
3 +
Section shape
ellipsoid +
Seed architecture
twisted +
Seed arrangement
wind-distributed +
Seed prominence or shape
flat +
Seed quantity
2 +  and 20 +
Seed shape
flattened +  and elongate +
Source xml
https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V26/V26 78.xml +
Special status
W2 +, W1 +  and Endemic +
Stamen fusion
adnate +  and free +
Stamen position
staminodial +
Stamen quantity
6 +
Stamen reproduction
fertile +
Stigma architecture or shape
capitate +
Stigma fusion
distinct +
Stigma prominence
rudimentary +
Stigma quantity
3 +
Stigma size
barely larger +
Style atypical quantity
3 (4) +
Style character
diameter +
Style quantity
3 +
Synonyms
Toxicoscordion acutum +, Toxicoscordion falcatum +, Toxicoscordion gramineum +, Toxicoscordion intermedium +, Zigadenus acutus +, Zigadenus falcatus +  and Zigadenus intermedius +
Taxon family
Liliaceae +
Taxon name
Zigadenus venenosus var. gramineus +
Taxon parent
Zigadenus venenosus +
Taxon rank
variety +
Tepal coloration
cream colored +
Tepal duration
persistent +
Tepal fusion
connate +
Tepal length
2mm;5mm +
Tepal length or size
longer +
Tepal nectary presence
absent +
Tepal quantity
6 +
Tepal size or width
thickened +
Tepal variability
equaling +
Tepal width
1mm;3mm +
Terminal raceme length
2cm;20cm +
Terminal raceme shape
pyramidal +
Terminal raceme width
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br />) +
Tube architecture
sepaloid +  and petaloid +
Tube coloration
greener +
Tube variability
equal +
Tube width
narrower +
Volume
Volume 26 +
Whole organism architecture
rhizomatous +, bulbous +  and subscapose +
Whole organism duration
perennial +
Whole organism growth form
plant +
Whole organism some measurement
2dm (7dm) +
Whole organism texture
woody +
Whorl quantity
3 +  and 2 +
X chromosome quantity
26 +, 11 +  and 8 +