View source for Ammannia

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Ammannia
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=1: 119. 1753
|year=1753
}}
|common_names=Toothcup;redstem
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Hionanthera
|authority=A. Fernandes & Diniz
|rank=genus
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Nesaea
|authority=Commerson ex Kunth
|rank=genus
}}
|hierarchy=Lythraceae;Ammannia
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Lythraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Ammannia]]</div></div>
|etymology=For Paul Ammann, 1634–1691, Professor of Botany at Leipzig
|volume=Volume 10
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="herb duration;herb duration;herb habitat;herb habitat;herb some measurement;herb pubescence"><b>Herbs,</b> annual or perennial, terrestrial or amphibious [aquatic], 1–10 dm, glabrous [puberulent].</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem orientation;stem orientation;stem pubescence;stem pubescence;stem architecture;stem architecture;stem coloration;stem location;stem size or width;tissue architecture;tissue texture"><b>Stems </b>erect or trailing, glaucous or not throughout, branched or unbranched, anthocyanic in age, submerged stems sometimes thickened by aerenchymatous spongy tissue.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties=""><b>Leaves </b>opposite [subopposite or whorled];</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaf arrangement;leaf architecture">sessile;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;base shape;base shape">blade linear, linear-lanceolate, oblong, linear-oblong, lanceolate, elliptic, or spatulate [ovate], base cordate or auriculate [attenuate].</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="inflorescence development;inflorescence position;inflorescence architecture;inflorescence architecture;flower architecture or arrangement or growth form"><b>Inflorescences </b>indeterminate, axillary, simple or compound cymes or solitary flowers [racemes or capitula].</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="flower architecture;flower architecture;flower architecture;flower architecture;flower architecture;flower architecture"><b>Flowers </b>sessile, subsessile, or pedicellate, actinomorphic, monostylous [di or tristylous];</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="floral-tube position;floral-tube shape;floral-tube shape;floral-tube shape;floral-tube shape;floral-tube shape;floral-tube shape;floral-tube shape;floral-tube shape;floral-tube shape;floral-tube shape;floral-tube architecture or shape">floral-tube perigynous, campanulate or urceolate, semiglobose to globose in fruit, often 8–12 [–16] -ribbed;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="epicalyx segment height or length or size">epicalyx segments shorter than or as long as sepals [longer than or absent];</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="sepal atypical quantity;sepal quantity;sepal quantity">sepals 4–6 [–8], to 1/4 floral-tube length;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="petal duration;petal atypical quantity;petal quantity;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal shape;petal shape;petal shape;midvein coloration">petals caducous [persistent], (0–) 4–8, deep rose-purple, pale-pink, white, or pale lavender, sometimes with rose-purple midvein or basal spot, obovate to suborbiculate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="nectariferous tissue presence">nectariferous tissue present at ovary-floral tube junction;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="stamen atypical quantity;stamen quantity">stamens 4–12 (–14) [–27];</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="ovary architecture or structure in adjective form">ovary incompletely (1 or) 2–5-locular;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="placenta shape">placenta globose [elongate];</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="style size;style position;style fragility or size;style position">style slender and well-exserted or stout and included;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="stigma shape;stigma shape">stigma capitate or punctiform.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="wall width;wall condition or texture;wall dehiscence;wall architecture or dehiscence;wall dehiscence;wall architecture or dehiscence"><b>Fruits </b>capsules, walls thin and dry, indehiscent, splitting irregularly at maturity or initially circumscissile then splitting irregularly.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="seed atypical quantity;seed quantity;seed shape;seed shape;seed shape;seed shape;seed length;seed width"><b>Seeds </b>[2–] 100+, obovoid to semiglobose, concave-convex, 0.3–0.4 × 0.3–0.5 mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="cotyledon shape">cotyledons ± complanate.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America;Europe;Asia;Africa;Pacific Islands;Australia;worldwide in temperate to subtropical and tropical areas
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 80 (5 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Ammannia was expanded from ca. 25 species to ca. 80 with the inclusion of Hionanthera and Nesaea following multi-gene molecular phylogenetic evidence that the genera form a monophyly (S. A. Graham et al. 2011). Africa is the center of diversity for the genus.</p><!--
--><p>Ammannia frequently grows with the closely similar Rotala ramosior. In the flora area, the auriculate leaf bases of Ammannia expediently separate it from Rotala; leaf bases are tapered in R. ramosior.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Styles stout, 0.5 mm, included; petals 0–4(–6).
|[[Ammannia latifolia|Ammannia latifolia]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Styles slender, 1.5–9 mm, exserted; petals 4–6(–8).
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Inflorescences solitary flowers; peduncles 7–19 mm; petals 6, 4–7 mm; stigmas punctiform.
|[[Ammannia grayi|Ammannia grayi]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Inflorescences simple or compound cymes (flowers sometimes solitary at proximalmost and distalmost nodes); peduncles 0–9 mm; petals 4(–8), 1.5–3 mm; stigmas capitate.
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Cymes 1–3(–5)-flowered mid stem; petals pale lavender, sometimes with rose purple midvein or rose purple basal spot; anthers light yellow.
|[[Ammannia robusta|Ammannia robusta]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Cymes (1–)3–15-flowered mid stem; petals deep rose purple, sometimes with darker rose purple basal spot; anthers deep yellow.
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Peduncles slender (nearly filiform); cymes (3–)7–15-flowered mid stem; capsules (1–)1.5–2.5(–3.5) mm diam.
|[[Ammannia auriculata|Ammannia auriculata]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Peduncles stout; cymes (1–)3–7(–15)-flowered mid stem; capsules 3.5–5 mm diam.
|[[Ammannia coccinea|Ammannia coccinea]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Ammannia
|author=Shirley A. Graham
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=Hionanthera;Nesaea
|basionyms=
|family=Lythraceae
|distribution=North America;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America;Europe;Asia;Africa;Pacific Islands;Australia;worldwide in temperate to subtropical and tropical areas
|reference=None
|publication title=Sp. Pl.
|publication year=1753
|special status=
|source xml=
|genus=Ammannia
|base shape=auriculate;cordate
|blade shape=spatulate;elliptic;spatulate;elliptic;lanceolate;linear-oblong;oblong;linear-lanceolate;linear
|cotyledon shape=complanate
|epicalyx segment height or length or size=shorter
|floral-tube architecture or shape=8-12[-16]-ribbed
|floral-tube position=perigynous
|floral-tube shape=urceolate semiglobose;globose
|flower architecture=actinomorphic;pedicellate;subsessile;pedicellate;subsessile;sessile
|flower architecture or arrangement or growth form=solitary
|herb duration=perennial;annual
|herb habitat=amphibious;terrestrial
|herb pubescence=glabrous
|herb some measurement=1dm;10dm
|inflorescence architecture=compound;simple
|inflorescence development=indeterminate
|inflorescence position=axillary
|leaf architecture=sessile
|leaf arrangement=opposite
|midvein coloration=rose-purple
|nectariferous tissue presence=absent
|ovary architecture or structure in adjective form=2-5-locular
|petal atypical quantity=0;4
|petal coloration=pale lavender;white;pale lavender;white;pale-pink;rose-purple;deep
|petal duration=caducous
|petal quantity=4;8
|petal shape=obovate;suborbiculate
|placenta shape=globose
|seed atypical quantity=2;100
|seed length=0.3mm;0.4mm
|seed shape=concave-convex;obovoid;semiglobose
|seed width=0.3mm;0.5mm
|sepal atypical quantity=6;8
|sepal quantity=0;1/4
|stamen atypical quantity=12;14
|stamen quantity=4;12
|stem architecture=unbranched;branched
|stem coloration=anthocyanic
|stem location=submerged
|stem orientation=trailing;erect
|stem pubescence=not throughout;glaucous
|stem size or width=thickened
|stigma shape=punctiform;capitate
|style fragility or size=stout
|style position=included;well-exserted
|style size=slender
|tissue architecture=aerenchymatous
|tissue texture=spongy
|wall architecture or dehiscence=splitting;splitting
|wall condition or texture=dry
|wall dehiscence=circumscissile;indehiscent
|wall width=thin
}}<!--

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