View source for Bryophyllum

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Bryophyllum
|accepted_authority=Salisbury
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Parad. Lond., plate
|place=3. 1805 ,
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Crassulaceae;Bryophyllum
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Crassulaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Bryophyllum]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek bryo, swell, and phyllon, leaf
|volume=Volume 8
|mention_page=page 147, 149, 157
|treatment_page=page 158
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism duration;whole_organism reproduction;whole_organism some measurement;whole_organism pubescence;whole_organism growth form"><b>Herbs </b>[shrubs], perennial, (sometimes suckering at base), usually viviparous (with plantlets on leaf margins and inflorescences), 5–80 dm, glabrous [pubescent].</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem orientation;stem architecture;stem architecture;stem position;stem pubescence;stem texture"><b>Stems </b>mostly erect [scandent], branching or often simple proximal to cyme, often bare by anthesis, succulent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="leaf duration;cauline leaf arrangement;cauline leaf arrangement;cauline leaf architecture;cauline leaf architecture;cauline leaf architecture;whorl quantity"><b>Leaves </b>persistent, cauline, sometimes subrosulate, mostly opposite, sometimes in whorls of 3, sessile or petiolate, subclasping basally, (narrowed apically);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="blade shape;blade position;blade some measurement;blade texture;base architecture or shape;margin architecture or shape;margin shape;margin architecture">blade obovate or triangular to lanceolate or elliptic-oblong, laminar (B. delagoense subcylindric), 2–50 cm, fleshy, base not spurred, margins entire, lobed, or 1–2 times imparipinnate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="vein prominence">veins not conspicuous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="inflorescence arrangement"><b>Inflorescences </b>terminal cymes, often paniculate (branches 1–5 times bifurcate with flower in fork).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="pedicel presence"><b>Pedicels </b>present.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="flower orientation;flower architecture"><b>Flowers </b>pendulous, 4-merous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="sepal fusion;sepal fusion;sepal variability">sepals connate basally or into tube (calyx often inflated and accrescent in fruit), all alike;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="petal orientation;petal fusion;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration">petals erect, connate into tube, orange, yellow-green marked with lavender, pale-yellow flecked with red, orange-red, scarlet, pink, lavender, yellow-green flecked with violet-red, or greenish white with maroon distally, (corolla throat 2–4 times subglobose tube, often constricted against pistils at base, lobes shorter than throat);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="calyx dehiscence;corolla dehiscence">calyx and corolla not circumscissile in fruit;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="nectary arrangement">nectaries semicircular to linear;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="stamen quantity">stamens [mostly] 8;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="filament fusion">filaments adnate on corolla-tube;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="pistil orientation">pistils erect, (often connate basally);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="ovary base shape;ovary base shape">ovary base somewhat narrowed, tapering to styles;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="style length or size">styles 2–4 times longer than ovary.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="fruit orientation"><b>Fruits </b>[mostly] erect.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties=""><b>Seeds </b>ellipsoid, ribbed, finely cross-ribbed.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="seed shape;seed architecture or shape;seed architecture or shape;x chromosome quantity">x = 17.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Indian Ocean Islands (Madagascar);1 widespread in the tropics
|introduced=true
|discussion=<p>Kalanchoë Adanson sect. Bryophyllum (Salisbury) Boiteau & Mannoni</p><!--
--><p>Species ca. 30 (5 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Because of some intermediates, Bryophyllum is often included in Kalanchoë, as by P. Boiteau and L. Allorge-Boiteau (1995). M. Lauzac-Marchal (1974) argued for separation; the case is not clear.</p><!--
--><p>Some species of Bryophyllum are widely naturalized in Australia, southern Africa, and elsewhere. The five species and one hybrid that infest over 10,000 hectares in Queensland are highly toxic to livestock, particularly cattle, with bufadienolides that cause cardiac glycoside poisoning (P. I. Forster 1996; R. A. McKenzie and P. J. Dunster 1986; McKenzie et al. 1987). The widespread B. pinnatum is commonly used to treat rheumatism, ulcers, burns, infections, and inflammations, as well as for old-fashioned magic, and has been the subject of many biological and phytochemical studies Some other species have similar uses and have also been studied (S. S. Costa et al. 1995).</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaves mostly pinnate (or the 1st simple), blade elliptic-oblong, margins crenate-serrate; calyx 25-50 mm, inflated.
|[[Bryophyllum pinnatum|Bryophyllum pinnatum]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaves all simple, blade triangular to obovate, lanceolate, or subcylindric, margins crenate, sinuate, serrate, or entire; calyx 6-25 mm, inflated or not
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Corollas to 2 times length of calyx, contracted basally; calyx lobes shorter than tube; bulbils borne in notches of leaf margins; herbage not mottled
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Corollas 3-4 times length of calyx, not contracted basally; calyx lobes equaling or longer than tube; bulbils borne on spoon-shaped spur in notch of leaf margins; herbage mottled
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Leaves evenly spaced, petiole terete, blade obovate, 2-10 cm, lavender-gray; calyx 10-18 mm; corolla 18-25 mm; plants polycarpic.
|[[Bryophyllum fedtschenkoi|Bryophyllum fedtschenkoi]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Leaves crowded near base, subrosulate, petiole indefinite, broad, blade lanceolate, 15-50 cm, green or gray-green, sometimes with maroon or dark green blotches; calyx 18-25 mm; corolla 40-50 mm; plants monocarpic.
|[[Bryophyllum gastonis-bonnieri|Bryophyllum gastonis-bonnieri]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Leaves petiolate, opposite, blade triangular to lanceolate, margins serrate and bulbiferous.
|[[Bryophyllum daigremontianum|Bryophyllum daigremontianum]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Leaves with blades and petioles indistinguishable, mostly in 3s, blade and petiole subcylindric, margins entire except for 3-9 teeth at apex, bulbiferous at apex.
|[[Bryophyllum delagoense|Bryophyllum delagoense]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Bryophyllum
|author=Reid V. Moran
|authority=Salisbury
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Crassulaceae
|distribution=Indian Ocean Islands (Madagascar);1 widespread in the tropics
|introduced=true
|reference=None
|publication title=Parad. Lond., plate
|publication year=
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V8/V8_319.xml
|genus=Bryophyllum
|base architecture or shape=not spurred
|blade position=laminar
|blade shape=triangular;lanceolate or elliptic-oblong
|blade some measurement=2cm;50cm
|blade texture=fleshy
|calyx dehiscence=not circumscissile
|cauline leaf architecture=subclasping;petiolate;sessile
|cauline leaf arrangement=opposite;subrosulate
|corolla dehiscence=not circumscissile
|filament fusion=adnate
|flower architecture=4-merous
|flower orientation=pendulous
|fruit orientation=erect
|inflorescence arrangement=paniculate
|leaf duration=persistent
|margin architecture=1-2 times imparipinnate
|margin architecture or shape=entire
|margin shape=lobed
|nectary arrangement=semicircular;linear
|ovary base shape=tapering;narrowed
|pedicel presence=absent
|petal coloration=greenish white with maroon;punct;yellow-green flecked with violet-red;punct;lavender;pink;yellow-green marked;orange
|petal fusion=connate
|petal orientation=erect
|pistil orientation=erect
|seed architecture or shape=cross-ribbed;ribbed
|seed shape=ellipsoid
|sepal fusion=into tube;connate
|sepal variability=alike
|stamen quantity=8
|stem architecture=simple;branching
|stem orientation=erect
|stem position=proximal
|stem pubescence=bare
|stem texture=succulent
|style length or size=2-4 times longer than ovary
|vein prominence=not conspicuous
|whole_organism duration=perennial
|whole_organism growth form=herb
|whole_organism pubescence=glabrous
|whole_organism reproduction=viviparous
|whole_organism some measurement=5dm;80dm
|whorl quantity=3
|x chromosome quantity=17
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Crassulaceae]]