View source for Buddleja

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Buddleja
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=1: 112. 1753
|year=1753
}}
|common_names=Butterfly bush
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Chilianthus
|authority=Burchell
|rank=genus
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Nicodemia
|authority=Tenore
|rank=genus
}}
|hierarchy=Scrophulariaceae;Buddleja
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Scrophulariaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Buddleja]]</div></div>
|etymology=For Adam Buddle, 1660–1715, English botanist, vicar of Farmbridge
|volume=Volume 17
|mention_page=page 5, 6, 324, 325, 328
|treatment_page=page 327
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism growth form;whole_organism growth form"><b>Shrubs </b>or trees;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stolon presence">stolons absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="stem orientation;stem orientation;stem pubescence;hair arrangement or shape;hair architecture or function or pubescence"><b>Stems </b>erect or pendent, hairy when young, hairs usually stellate and glandular.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaf duration;leaf duration;leaf duration;leaf duration;leaf duration;cauline leaf arrangement;cauline leaf arrangement"><b>Leaves </b>persistent, semipersistent, or deciduous, cauline, opposite, decussate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="stipule presence;stipule quantity;stipule presence">stipules present (B. davidii) or as stipular lines or absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="petiole presence;petiole presence">petiole present or absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="blade texture;blade texture;blade texture;margin shape;margin architecture or shape;margin shape;margin architecture or shape;margin shape;margin shape;margin shape;margin shape;margin shape;margin shape or vernation">blade not fleshy, subleathery or not, margins crenate, dentate, undulate, serrate, sinuate-dentate, subentire, or entire, sometimes involute.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="inflorescence position or structure subtype;inflorescence position;head arrangement;spike arrangement"><b>Inflorescences </b>terminal, rarely axillary, cymes in heads, pseudoverticellate spikes, or panicles;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="bract presence">bracts present.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="pedicel presence"><b>Pedicels </b>often absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="bracteole presence;bracteole presence">bracteoles present or absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="flower reproduction;flower reproduction;flower reproduction"><b>Flowers </b>bisexual, sometimes functionally dioecious, rarely trioecious;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="sepal quantity;calyx architecture or shape;calyx shape;lobe shape">sepals 4, calyx radially symmetric, campanulate, lobes ovate to lanceolate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="petal quantity;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla architecture or shape;corolla shape;corolla shape;corolla shape;eye coloration;throat coloration">petals 4, corolla yellow, yellowish orange, greenish yellow, purple, pink, or white, sometimes with yellow-orange eye or white throat, radially symmetric, campanulate-rotate, salverform, funnelform, or tubular;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="stamen quantity;stamen fusion;stamen position;stamen position;stamen variability;filament pubescence;staminode presence">stamens 4, adnate to corolla-tube, included, rarely exserted, equal, filaments glabrous, staminode 0;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="ovary architecture or structure in adjective form;ovary architecture or structure in adjective form;ovary placentation">ovary 2-locular or 4-locular, placentation axile;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="stigma shape;stigma shape;stigma shape;stigma shape;stigma shape;stigma shape">stigma capitate, clavate, or clavate and slightly 2-lobed.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="fruit shape;fruit shape;fruit shape;fruit shape;fruit dehiscence;fruit dehiscence;fruit dehiscence;fruit dehiscence;berry shape;berry shape;berry shape;berry shape;berry dehiscence;berry dehiscence;berry dehiscence;berry dehiscence;capsule shape;capsule shape;capsule shape;capsule shape;capsule dehiscence;capsule dehiscence;capsule dehiscence;capsule dehiscence"><b>Fruits </b>berries or capsules, ovoid or globular to cylindric, oblong, ellipsoid, or subglobular, dehiscence septicidal and/or loculicidal, rarely indehiscent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="seed quantity;seed coloration;seed shape;seed shape;seed shape;seed shape;seed shape;seed shape"><b>Seeds </b>20–100+, yellow to brown, tetrahedral, fusiform, or threadlike (B. davidii), usually obcompressed, wings present or absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="wing presence;wing presence;x chromosome quantity">x = 19.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America;Mexico;Central America;South America;Asia;e Africa;Indian Ocean Islands (Comoro);Indian Ocean Islands (Madagascar);Indian Ocean Islands (Mascarene Islands);in Europe;elsewhere in Africa;Pacific Islands (Hawaii);Pacific Islands (New Zealand);Australia
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 100 (10 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Buddleja species, especially Asiatic ones, are cultivated widely for their attractive flowers and leaves and their pleasant floral scent. Some plants readily persist and spread after cultivation; one of these, B. davidii, is considered an invasive of concern in some parts of the world (N. G. Tallent-Halsell and M. S. Watt 2009). Some species are used as remedies in folk medicine (E. M. Norman 2000). Almost all buddlejas thrive in sunny disturbed habitats.</p><!--
--><p>The Buddleja species of Madagascar and nearby islands have berries rather than capsules and have been segregated by some authors into Nicodemia; African taxa that have flowers with open corollas with well-exserted stamens rather than tubular flowers with included, sessile or subsessile stamens have been referred to Chilianthus. Here both are treated in Buddleja.</p><!--
--><p>J. F. Chau et al. (2017) conducted a phylogenetic study of Buddlejeae with the five genera of the tribe all treated within seven sections of Buddleja. This treatment is consistent with that study except for recognition of Emorya.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=norman2000a
|text=Norman, E. M. 2000. Buddlejaceae. In: Organization for Flora Neotropica. 1968+. Flora Neotropica. 121+ nos. New York. No. 81, pp. 1–225.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Inflorescences broadly paniculate; corollas white; stamens exserted from corolla tube.
|[[Buddleja saligna|Buddleja saligna]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Inflorescences narrowly paniculate, spicate, racemose, or capitate; corollas yellow, yellowish orange, greenish yellow, orange, purple, violet, or pink, rarely white, sometimes with yellow-orange eye or white throat; stamens included in corolla tube.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Corollas tubular or salverform, tubes 7–14 mm.
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Leaf blades orbiculate to elliptic; corollas greenish yellow.
|[[Buddleja indica|Buddleja indica]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Leaf blades ovate, ovate-lanceolate, or elliptic; corollas yellowish orange, purple, violet, pink, or white, sometimes with yellow-orange eye or white throat.
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Corollas yellowish orange; stamens inserted near throat.
|[[Buddleja madagascariensis|Buddleja madagascariensis]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Corollas purple, violet, pink, or white, sometimes with yellow-orange eye or white throat; stamens inserted medially or 3–5 from base.
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Cymes almost encircling inflorescence axis; corollas straight.
|[[Buddleja davidii|Buddleja davidii]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Cymes secund; corollas curved.
|[[Buddleja lindleyana|Buddleja lindleyana]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Corollas funnelform, salverform, or campanulate-rotate, tubes 1.5–5 mm.
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Leaf blade adaxial surfaces glabrous or glabrescent.
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Shrubs, 3–15 dm; cymes 6–12-flowered; corolla lobes orbiculate.
|[[Buddleja racemosa|Buddleja racemosa]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Shrubs or trees, 15–40 dm; cymes 10–35-flowered; corolla lobes ovate.
|[[Buddleja sessiliflora|Buddleja sessiliflora]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Leaf blade surfaces glandular-tomentose (grayish).
|[[#key-0-8| > 8]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Inflorescences capitate; corollas deep yellow (turning orange).
|[[Buddleja marrubiifolia|Buddleja marrubiifolia]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Inflorescences pseudoverticillate spikes; corollas light yellow, lemon yellow, or greenish yellow.
|[[#key-0-9| > 9]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Corolla tubes 1.5–2 mm, lobes oblong.
|[[Buddleja scordioides|Buddleja scordioides]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Corolla tubes 4–5 mm, lobes orbiculate.
|[[Buddleja utahensis|Buddleja utahensis]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Buddleja
|author=Eliane Meyer Norman
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=Chilianthus;Nicodemia
|basionyms=
|family=Scrophulariaceae
|illustrator=Linny Heagy
|illustration copyright=Flora of North America Association
|distribution=North America;Mexico;Central America;South America;Asia;e Africa;Indian Ocean Islands (Comoro);Indian Ocean Islands (Madagascar);Indian Ocean Islands (Mascarene Islands);in Europe;elsewhere in Africa;Pacific Islands (Hawaii);Pacific Islands (New Zealand);Australia
|reference=norman2000a
|publication title=Sp. Pl.
|publication year=1753
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V17/V17_7.xml
|genus=Buddleja
|berry dehiscence=indehiscent;loculicidal;septicidal;dehiscence
|berry shape=globular;cylindric oblong ellipsoid or subglobular
|blade texture=not;subleathery;not fleshy
|bract presence=absent
|bracteole presence=absent;absent
|calyx architecture or shape=symmetric
|calyx shape=campanulate
|capsule dehiscence=indehiscent;loculicidal;septicidal;dehiscence
|capsule shape=globular;cylindric oblong ellipsoid or subglobular
|cauline leaf arrangement=decussate;opposite
|corolla architecture or shape=symmetric
|corolla coloration=white;pink;white;pink;purple;greenish yellow;yellowish orange;yellow
|corolla shape=tubular;salverform;campanulate-rotate
|eye coloration=yellow-orange
|filament pubescence=glabrous
|flower reproduction=trioecious;dioecious;bisexual
|fruit dehiscence=indehiscent;loculicidal;septicidal;dehiscence
|fruit shape=globular;cylindric oblong ellipsoid or subglobular
|hair architecture or function or pubescence=glandular
|hair arrangement or shape=stellate
|head arrangement=pseudoverticellate
|inflorescence position=axillary
|inflorescence position or structure subtype=terminal
|leaf duration=deciduous;semipersistent;deciduous;semipersistent;persistent
|lobe shape=ovate;lanceolate
|margin architecture or shape=serrate;dentate
|margin shape=entire;subentire;entire;subentire;sinuate-dentate;undulate;crenate
|margin shape or vernation=involute
|ovary architecture or structure in adjective form=4-locular;2-locular
|ovary placentation=axile
|pedicel presence=absent
|petal quantity=4
|petiole presence=absent;absent
|seed coloration=yellow;brown
|seed quantity=20;100
|seed shape=obcompressed;thread-like;fusiform;thread-like;fusiform;tetrahedral
|sepal quantity=4
|spike arrangement=pseudoverticellate
|stamen fusion=adnate
|stamen position=exserted;included
|stamen quantity=4
|stamen variability=equal
|staminode presence=absent
|stem orientation=pendent;erect
|stem pubescence=hairy
|stigma shape=2-lobed;clavate;clavate;clavate;clavate;capitate
|stipule presence=absent;absent
|stipule quantity=as stipular lines
|stolon presence=absent
|throat coloration=white
|whole_organism growth form=tree;shrub
|wing presence=absent;absent
|x chromosome quantity=19
}}<!--

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