View source for Cakile

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Cakile
|accepted_authority=Miller
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gard. Dict. Abr. ed.
|place=4, vol. 1. 1754
|year=1754
}}
|common_names=Sea-rockets
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Brassicaceae;Brassicaceae tribe Brassiceae;Cakile
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Brassicaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Brassicaceae tribe Brassiceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Cakile]]</div></div>
|etymology=Arabic name qaqulleh
|volume=Volume 7
|mention_page=page 232, 234, 238, 244, 419, 425
|treatment_page=page 424
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties=""><b>Annuals </b>or, rarely, perennials;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="">(succulent, taproot woody, with relatively long, horizontal roots);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="">not scapose;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="whole-organism architecture;whole-organism pubescence;whole-organism pubescence;whole-organism pubescence;whole-organism duration;whole-organism architecture;whole-organism pubescence;whole-organism duration">glabrous or, sometimes, sparsely pubescent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="stem orientation;stem orientation;stem growth form or orientation;stem arrangement;stem architecture"><b>Stems </b>erect, ascending, prostrate, or divaricate, branched basally.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties=""><b>Leaves </b>cauline;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="leaf position;leaf architecture;leaf architecture">usually petiolate, rarely sessile;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="blade arrangement;margin shape;margin shape;margin shape;margin shape;margin shape;margin shape;margin shape">blade (often fleshy), not rosulate, margins entire, crenate, dentate, sinuate, or pinnately lobed.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties=""><b>Racemes </b>considerably elongated in fruit.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="raceme length;raceme shape;raceme size;raceme size"><b>Fruiting </b>pedicels (rachis) geniculate or not, slender or stout.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="sepal orientation;sepal shape;sepal shape;sepal position;sepal architecture or shape;sepal architecture or shape"><b>Flowers:</b> sepals erect, ovate or oblong, lateral pair saccate or not basally;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="flower coloration;flower shape;claw variability">petals (rarely aborted, reflexed), white to lavender, obovate to spatulate, claw differentiated from blade or not;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="stamen architecture">stamens tetradynamous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="filament shape">filaments not dilated basally;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="flower shape">anthers (introrse), ovate to oblong;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="nectar gland atypical quantity;nectar gland fusion;median gland presence">nectar glands (4), distinct, median glands present.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="fruit dehiscence;fruit architecture;silique dehiscence;silique architecture;silicle dehiscence;silicle architecture"><b>Fruits </b>siliques or silicles, indehiscent, stipitate, segments 2, (fleshy and green becoming corky and dry), obovoid, oblong, fusiform, or lanceoloid, rarely hastate, (proximal segment) terete or laterally horned, (terminal segment) terete, 4-angled, or 8-ribbed;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="segment quantity;segment shape;segment shape;segment shape;segment shape;segment shape;segment shape;segment shape;segment shape;segment shape;segment shape;segment shape;segment shape;segment shape;segment shape;segment shape;segment shape;segment shape;segment shape;segment shape;segment shape;segment shape;segment shape;segment shape;segment shape;segment shape;segment shape;segment shape;segment shape;segment shape;segment shape;segment shape;segment shape;segment shape;segment shape;segment shape;segment shape;segment shape;segment shape;segment shape;segment shape;segment shape;segment shape;segment shape;segment shape;segment shape;segment shape;segment shape;segment shape;segment shape;segment shape;segment shape;segment shape;segment shape;segment shape;segment shape;segment shape;segment shape;segment shape">(segments each falsely 1-loculed, septum papery, appressed to one side, usually 1-seeded; proximal segment remaining attached to pedicel; terminal segment deciduous by transverse articulation, beaked);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="valve prominence;replum prominence">valves and replum not distinguishable;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="">ovules (1 or) 2 (–4) per ovary;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties="ovule atypical quantity;ovule quantity">(style absent);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s21" data-properties="stigma shape;stigma shape">stigma entire or slightly 2-lobed.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s22" data-properties="seed arrangement;seed arrangement;seed size;seed shape;seed architecture;seed shape"><b>Seeds </b>aseriate or uniseriate, plump or flattened, not winged, (brown), oblong;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s23" data-properties="seed-coat coating">seed-coat (smooth), not mucilaginous when wetted;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s24" data-properties="">cotyledons accumbent or incumbent, rarely contorted.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s25" data-properties="cotyledon arrangement;cotyledon arrangement;cotyledon arrangement or shape;x chromosome quantity">x = 9.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;Europe;Asia (Near East);n Africa;in e Asia (Japan);Australia
|discussion=<p>Species 7 (5 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Cakile is common on sandy beaches of the North Atlantic Ocean, the Baltic, Black, Mediterranean, North, and White seas, the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico, and the Great Lakes, and is naturalized in Australia, Japan, and on the Pacific Coast of North America; one species, C. arabica Velenovsky & Bornmüller, is found in deserts of the Middle East (s Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia).</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=barbour1970a
|text=Barbour, M. G. and J. E. Rodman. 1970. Saga of the West Coast sea-rockets: Cakile edentula ssp. californica and C. maritima. Rhodora 72: 370–386.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=rodman1974a
|text=Rodman, J. E. 1974. Systematics and evolution of the genus Cakile (Cruciferae). Contr. Gray Herb. 205: 3–146.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=rodman1980a
|text=Rodman, J. E. 1980. Population variation and hybridization in sea-rockets (Cakile, Cruciferae): Seed glucosinolate characters. Amer. J. Bot. 67: 1145–1159.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Proximal fruit segments with 2 opposite, lateral horns distally; leaf blades broadly ovate to lanceolate, margins sinuately lobed or deeply pinnatifid; petals 3-6 mm wide, usually lavender, rarely white.
|[[Cakile maritima|Cakile maritima]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Proximal fruit segments without lateral horns distally; leaf blades ovate, ovate-lanceolate, or spatulate, margins entire, dentate, sinuate, crenate, or pinnatisect; petals 1.2-4.5 mm wide, white or lavender
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Plants usually sprawling; leaf blades not especially fleshy; racemes often 3+ dm; petals usually white, rarely lavender, 3-4.5 mm wide.
|[[Cakile lanceolata|Cakile lanceolata]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Plants not or, rarely, sprawling (erect to prostrate); leaf blades usually fleshy; racemes 1-2 dm; petals lavender to white, less than 3 mm wide
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Rachises geniculate in fruit; petals 1.2-1.9 mm wide.
|[[Cakile geniculata|Cakile geniculata]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Rachises not geniculate in fruit; petals 1.3-3 mm wide
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Fruits terete to 4-angled, 3-4 mm wide; beak conic, apex acute.
|[[Cakile constricta|Cakile constricta]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Fruits 8-ribbed, or 4-angled, 5-9 mm wide; beak flattened, apex usually retuse or blunt, rarely acute.
|[[Cakile edentula|Cakile edentula]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Cakile
|author=James E. Rodman
|authority=Miller
|rank=genus
|parent rank=tribe
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Brassicaceae
|distribution=North America;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;Europe;Asia (Near East);n Africa;in e Asia (Japan);Australia
|reference=barbour1970a;rodman1974a;rodman1980a
|publication title=Gard. Dict. Abr. ed.
|publication year=1754
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V7/V7_627.xml
|tribe=Brassicaceae tribe Brassiceae
|genus=Cakile
|blade arrangement=not rosulate
|claw variability=differentiated
|cotyledon arrangement=incumbent;accumbent
|cotyledon arrangement or shape=contorted
|filament shape=dilated
|flower coloration=white;lavender
|flower shape=ovate;oblong
|fruit architecture=stipitate
|fruit dehiscence=indehiscent
|leaf architecture=sessile;petiolate
|leaf position=cauline
|margin shape=lobed;sinuate;lobed;sinuate;dentate;crenate;entire
|median gland presence=absent
|nectar gland atypical quantity=4
|nectar gland fusion=distinct
|ovule atypical quantity=2;4
|ovule quantity=2
|raceme length=elongated
|raceme shape=not geniculate
|raceme size=stout;slender
|replum prominence=not distinguishable
|seed architecture=not winged
|seed arrangement=uniseriate;aseriate
|seed shape=oblong;flattened
|seed size=plump
|seed-coat coating=mucilaginous
|segment quantity=2
|segment shape=8-ribbed;4-angled;terete;horned;terete;hastate;lanceoloid;fusiform;8-ribbed;4-angled;terete;horned;terete;hastate;lanceoloid;fusiform;8-ribbed;4-angled;terete;horned;terete;hastate;lanceoloid;fusiform;8-ribbed;4-angled;terete;horned;terete;hastate;lanceoloid;fusiform;8-ribbed;4-angled;terete;horned;terete;hastate;lanceoloid;fusiform;8-ribbed;4-angled;terete;horned;terete;hastate;lanceoloid;fusiform;8-ribbed;4-angled;terete;horned;terete;hastate;lanceoloid;fusiform;oblong;obovoid
|sepal architecture or shape=not basally;saccate
|sepal orientation=erect
|sepal position=lateral
|sepal shape=oblong;ovate
|silicle architecture=stipitate
|silicle dehiscence=indehiscent
|silique architecture=stipitate
|silique dehiscence=indehiscent
|stamen architecture=tetradynamous
|stem architecture=branched
|stem arrangement=divaricate
|stem growth form or orientation=prostrate
|stem orientation=ascending;erect
|stigma shape=2-lobed;entire
|valve prominence=not distinguishable
|whole-organism architecture=not scapose;not scapose
|whole-organism duration=perennial;annual
|whole-organism pubescence=glabrous;pubescent;,;glabrous
|x chromosome quantity=9
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Brassicaceae tribe Brassiceae]]