View source for Cardamine parviflora

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Cardamine parviflora
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Syst. Nat. ed.
|place=10, 2: 1131. 1759
|year=1759
}}
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=W
|label=Weedy
}}{{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=F
|label=Illustrated
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Cardamine arenicola
|authority=Britton
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Cardamine flexuosa var. gracilis
|authority=O. E. Schulz
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Cardamine parviflora var. arenicola
|authority=(Britton) O. E. Schulz
|rank=variety
}}
|hierarchy=Brassicaceae;Brassicaceae tribe Cardamineae;Cardamine;Cardamine parviflora
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Brassicaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Brassicaceae tribe Cardamineae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Cardamine]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Cardamine parviflora]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 7
|mention_page=page 466
|treatment_page=page 480
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="">Annuals;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="">(slender);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="whole-organism pubescence;whole-organism duration">glabrous or sparsely to densely pubescent throughout.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="rhizome presence"><b>Rhizomes </b>absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="stem orientation;stem architecture;stem atypical some measurement;stem atypical some measurement;stem some measurement"><b>Stems </b>(simple or few to several from base), erect, (somewhat flexuous), often branched distally, (0.5–) 1–3 (–4) dm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="basal leaf arrangement;basal leaf architecture;basal leaf atypical some measurement;basal leaf some measurement;leaflet architecture;leaflet architecture"><b>Basal </b>leaves (often withered by anthesis), usually not rosulate, pinnately (5 or) 7–13 (–17) -foliolate, (2–) 4–10cm, leaflets sessile or petiolulate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="petiole atypical some measurement;petiole some measurement">petiole 0.5–2.5 (–4.5) cm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="lateral leaflet position or structure subtype;lateral leaflet size">lateral leaflets similar to terminal, sometimes smaller;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade atypical length;blade length;blade width;base shape;margin shape;margin shape;margin shape">terminal leaflet (sessile or petiolule to 0.5 cm), blade linear to oblong, oblanceolate to obovate, or suborbicular, (0.1–) 0.3–1 cm × 1–7 mm, base cuneate, margins entire or 3 (–5) -toothed or lobed.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="cauline leaf atypical quantity;cauline leaf quantity;cauline leaf architecture;cauline leaf architecture;leaflet architecture"><b>Cauline </b>leaves 5–10 (–14), (5–) 9–15 (–17) -foliolate, petiolate, leaflets sessile;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="petiole some measurement;base shape">petiole 0.3–1 cm, base not auriculate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="lateral leaflet position or structure subtype;lateral leaflet size">lateral leaflets similar to terminal, sometimes smaller;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="leaflet blade shape;leaflet blade shape;leaflet blade shape;leaflet blade shape;leaflet blade shape;leaflet blade atypical length;leaflet blade length;leaflet blade width;margin architecture or shape;margin shape">terminal leaflet blade filiform, linear, or narrowly oblong, 0.3–1 (–1.6) cm × 0.3–3 mm, margins usually entire, rarely 1–3-toothed.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties=""><b>Racemes </b>ebracteate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="raceme architecture;raceme arrangement;raceme orientation;raceme some measurement"><b>Fruiting </b>pedicels divaricate or ascending, 4–10 mm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="sepal shape;sepal atypical length;sepal length;sepal width;sepal position;sepal architecture or shape"><b>Flowers:</b> sepals oblong, 1–1.5 (–2) × 0.3–0.5 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally, (margins membranous);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="petal coloration;petal shape;petal atypical length;petal atypical length;petal length;petal atypical width;petal width">petals white, oblanceolate, (1.5–) 1.8–2.5 (–3) × 0.4–0.8 (–1) mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="filament some measurement">filaments 1.4–2.5 mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="anther shape;anther some measurement">anthers ovate, 0.2–0.4 mm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="fruit arrangement or course or shape;fruit atypical length;fruit atypical length;fruit length;fruit width"><b>Fruits </b>linear, (torulose), (0.5–) 1–2 (–2.5) cm × 0.6–0.9 mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties="ovule quantity">ovules 20–50 per ovary;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s21" data-properties="style atypical some measurement;style some measurement">style 0.3–0.7 (–1) mm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s22" data-properties=""><b>Seeds </b>pale-brown, oblong-ovoid, 0.6–0.9 × 0.4–0.6 mm, (narrowly margined or not).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s23" data-properties="seed coloration;seed shape;seed length;seed width;2n chromosome quantity">2n = 16.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering Mar–Jun.
|habitat=Roadsides, stream banks, rocky crests and outcrops, crevices of granitic bedrock, dry woods, glades, fallow fields, disturbed ground, limestone barrens, marsh and swamp margins, floodplains, waste ground, slopes, ledges, cliffs, meadows
|elevation=0-1500 m
|distribution=Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.);N.W.T.;Ont.;Que.;Sask.;Ala.;Ark.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Fla.;Ga.;Idaho;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;La.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Mo.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.C.;Ohio;Okla.;Oreg.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;Tenn.;Tex.;Vt.;Va.;W.Va.;Wis.;Eurasia
|discussion=<p>Within Cardamine parviflora, in the broad sense, two species or varieties have been recognized: the Eurasian C. parviflora (or C. parviflora var. parviflora) versus the North American C. arenicola (or C. parviflora var. arenicola). Nuclear DNA data suggested a sister relationship of the North American and Eurasian entities, while cpDNA data showed them intermingled (J. Lihová et al. 2006). There are no apparent morphological differences between these entities, although detailed morphological studies are still lacking. We currently prefer to treat them as a single taxon.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Cardamine parviflora
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Cardamine arenicola;Cardamine flexuosa var. gracilis;Cardamine parviflora var. arenicola
|basionyms=
|family=Brassicaceae
|phenology=Flowering Mar–Jun.
|habitat=Roadsides, stream banks, rocky crests and outcrops, crevices of granitic bedrock, dry woods, glades, fallow fields, disturbed ground, limestone barrens, marsh and swamp margins, floodplains, waste ground, slopes, ledges, cliffs, meadows
|elevation=0-1500 m
|distribution=Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.);N.W.T.;Ont.;Que.;Sask.;Ala.;Ark.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Fla.;Ga.;Idaho;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;La.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Mo.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.C.;Ohio;Okla.;Oreg.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;Tenn.;Tex.;Vt.;Va.;W.Va.;Wis.;Eurasia
|reference=None
|publication title=Syst. Nat. ed.
|publication year=1759
|special status=Weedy;Illustrated
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V7/V7_740.xml
|tribe=Brassicaceae tribe Cardamineae
|genus=Cardamine
|species=Cardamine parviflora
|2n chromosome quantity=16
|anther shape=ovate
|anther some measurement=0.2mm;0.4mm
|basal leaf architecture=7-13(-17)-foliolate
|basal leaf arrangement=rosulate
|basal leaf atypical some measurement=2cm;4cm
|basal leaf some measurement=4cm;10cm
|base shape=not auriculate;cuneate
|blade atypical length=0.1cm;0.3cm
|blade length=0.3cm;1cm
|blade shape=linear;oblong oblanceolate
|blade width=1mm;7mm
|cauline leaf architecture=petiolate;(5-)9-15(-17)-foliolate
|cauline leaf atypical quantity=10;14
|cauline leaf quantity=5;10
|filament some measurement=1.4mm;2.5mm
|fruit arrangement or course or shape=linear
|fruit atypical length=2cm;2.5cm
|fruit length=1cm;2cm
|fruit width=0.6mm;0.9mm
|lateral leaflet position or structure subtype=terminal;terminal
|lateral leaflet size=smaller;smaller
|leaflet architecture=sessile;petiolulate;sessile
|leaflet blade atypical length=1cm;1.6cm
|leaflet blade length=0.3cm;1cm
|leaflet blade shape=oblong;linear;oblong;linear;filiform
|leaflet blade width=0.3mm;3mm
|margin architecture or shape=entire
|margin shape=1-3-toothed;lobed;3(-5)-toothed;entire
|ovule quantity=20;50
|petal atypical length=2.5mm;3mm
|petal atypical width=0.8mm;1mm
|petal coloration=white
|petal length=1.8mm;2.5mm
|petal shape=oblanceolate
|petal width=0.4mm;0.8mm
|petiole atypical some measurement=2.5cm;4.5cm
|petiole some measurement=0.3cm;1cm
|raceme architecture=ebracteate
|raceme arrangement=divaricate
|raceme orientation=ascending
|raceme some measurement=4mm;10mm
|rhizome presence=absent
|seed coloration=pale-brown
|seed length=0.6mm;0.9mm
|seed shape=oblong-ovoid
|seed width=0.4mm;0.6mm
|sepal architecture or shape=saccate
|sepal atypical length=1.5mm;2mm
|sepal length=1mm;1.5mm
|sepal position=lateral
|sepal shape=oblong
|sepal width=0.3mm;0.5mm
|stem architecture=branched
|stem atypical some measurement=3dm;4dm
|stem orientation=erect
|stem some measurement=1dm;3dm
|style atypical some measurement=0.7mm;1mm
|style some measurement=0.3mm;0.7mm
|whole-organism duration=annual
|whole-organism pubescence=glabrous or;sparsely densely pubescent
}}<!--

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