View source for Carlina

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Carlina
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=2: 828. 1753
|year=1753
}}, {{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gen. Pl. ed.
|place=5, 360. 1754
|year=1754
}}
|common_names=Carline-thistle
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Cardueae;Carlina
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Cardueae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Carlina]]</div></div>
|etymology=For Charles V, 1500–1558, Holy Roman Emperor
|volume=Volume 19
|mention_page=page 28, 83
|treatment_page=page 84
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole-organism some measurement;whole-organism duration;herbage architecture or shape"><b>Biennials </b>[annuals or perennials, shrubs, or dwarf trees], 10–80 cm, herbage spiny.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem orientation;stem orientation;stem architecture;branch orientation"><b>Stems </b>erect or spreading, simple to branched distally or throughout, branches ascending to spreading.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties=""><b>Leaves </b>basal and cauline [all cauline];</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaf position;leaf position;leaf architecture;leaf architecture">petiolate or sessile;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="blade margin shape;blade margin architecture or shape;face pubescence;face pubescence">blade margins dentate to pinnately lobed, ± spiny, faces ± tomentose or glabrate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="head architecture or shape;head arrangement;head arrangement;array architecture"><b>Heads </b>discoid, borne singly or in corymbiform arrays.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="involucre shape"><b>Involucres </b>hemispheric to campanulate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="phyllary quantity;series quantity;outer phyllary shape"><b>Phyllaries </b>many in several series, outer ovate to lanceolate, bases appressed;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="base fixation or orientation">(at least outer ± leaflike);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="middle phyllary size;middle phyllary texture;margin shape;margin shape;apical appendage architecture or shape;inner apex orientation;inner apex texture;inner apex coloration;inner apex architecture;inner apex architecture or shape">middle smaller, scarious, margins spiny-dentate or lobed, apical appendages spine-tipped, inner apices spreading, membranous, white to stramineous, raylike, entire.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="receptacle shape;receptacle architecture"><b>Receptacles </b>flat to conic, epaleaete scaly or bristly (each floret surrounded by ± connate, membranous scales dissected into linear lobes).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="floret quantity"><b>Florets </b>many;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="corolla coloration;corolla shape;lobe shape">corollas yellow to maroon, tubular-funnelform, lobes triangular;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="anther base shape;anther base shape;apical appendage shape">anther bases tailed, linear-oblong, apical appendages acute;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="portion fusion;portion some measurement;portion pubescence;basal node pubescence;basal node pubescence;portion fusion;portion shape;portion arrangement">style-branches: fused portions ca. 0.5 mm, with basal nodes glabrous or minutely hairy, distally puberulent, distinct portions tapered, not or scarcely separating.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="cypsela shape;cypsela architecture or shape;cypsela pubescence;hair shape;hair architecture;attachment scar orientation or shape"><b>Cypselae </b>cylindric to fusiform, not ribbed, without apical rim, hairy with forked, 2-celled hairs, attachment scars basal-oblique;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="bristle quantity;bristle duration;series quantity">pappi readily falling, of many persistent bristles in 1 series, basally connate in groups of 3–10, plumose.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="pappus life cycle;pappus fusion;pappus shape;x chromosome quantity;x chromosome quantity">x = 9, 10.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Eurasia;Mediterranean region;Macaronesia
|introduced=true
|discussion=<p>Species 28 (1 in the flora).</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=meusel1990a
|text=Meusel, H. and A. Kästner. 1990. Lebensgeschichte der Gold- und Silberdisteln. Monographie der Mediterran–Mitteleuropaischen Compositen-Gattung Carlina Band I. Merkmalsspektren und Lebensraume der Gattung. Denkschr. Öesterr. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 127: 1–294.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=meusel1994a
|text=Meusel, H. and A. Kästner. 1994. Lebensgeschichte der Gold- und Silberdisteln. Monographie der Mediterran–Mitteleuropaischen Compositen-Gattung Carlina Band II. Artenvielfalt und Stammesgeschichte der Gattung. Denkschr. Öesterr. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 128: 1–657.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=meusel1996a
|text=Meusel, H., A. Kästner, and E. Vitek. 1996. The evolution of Carlina—A hypothesis based on ecogeography. In: D. J. N. Hind et al., eds. 1996. Proceedings of the International Compositae Conference, Kew, 1994. 2 vols. Kew. Vol. 1, pp. 723–737.
}}
}}<!--

--><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Carlina
|author=David J. Keil
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=tribe
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Asteraceae
|distribution=Eurasia;Mediterranean region;Macaronesia
|introduced=true
|reference=meusel1990a;meusel1994a;meusel1996a
|publication title=Sp. Pl.;Gen. Pl. ed.
|publication year=1753;1754
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V19-20-21/V19_26.xml
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Cardueae
|genus=Carlina
|anther base shape=linear-oblong;tailed
|apical appendage architecture or shape=spine-tipped
|apical appendage shape=acute
|array architecture=corymbiform
|attachment scar orientation or shape=basal-oblique
|basal node pubescence=hairy;glabrous
|base fixation or orientation=appressed
|blade margin architecture or shape=spiny
|blade margin shape=dentate;pinnately lobed
|branch orientation=ascending;spreading
|bristle duration=persistent
|bristle quantity=many
|corolla coloration=yellow;maroon
|corolla shape=tubular-funnelform
|cypsela architecture or shape=not ribbed
|cypsela pubescence=hairy
|cypsela shape=cylindric;fusiform
|face pubescence=glabrate;tomentose
|floret quantity=many
|hair architecture=2-celled
|hair shape=forked
|head architecture or shape=discoid
|head arrangement=in corymbiform arrays;singly
|herbage architecture or shape=spiny
|inner apex architecture=raylike
|inner apex architecture or shape=entire
|inner apex coloration=white;stramineous
|inner apex orientation=spreading
|inner apex texture=membranous
|involucre shape=hemispheric;campanulate
|leaf architecture=sessile;petiolate
|leaf position=cauline;basal
|lobe shape=triangular
|margin shape=lobed;spiny-dentate
|middle phyllary size=smaller
|middle phyllary texture=scarious
|outer phyllary shape=ovate;lanceolate
|pappus fusion=connate
|pappus life cycle=falling
|pappus shape=plumose
|phyllary quantity=many
|portion arrangement=separating
|portion fusion=distinct;fused
|portion pubescence=puberulent
|portion shape=tapered
|portion some measurement=0.5
|receptacle architecture=epaleaete
|receptacle shape=flat;conic
|series quantity=1;several
|stem architecture=simple;branched
|stem orientation=spreading;erect
|whole-organism duration=biennial
|whole-organism some measurement=10cm;80cm
|x chromosome quantity=10;9
}}<!--

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