View source for Carthamus

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Carthamus
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=2: 830. 1753
|year=1753
}}, {{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gen. Pl. ed.
|place=5, 361. 1754
|year=1754
}}
|common_names=Distaff thistle
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Cardueae;Carthamus
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Cardueae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Carthamus]]</div></div>
|etymology=Arabic qartam, safflower
|volume=Volume 19
|mention_page=page 52, 67, 83
|treatment_page=page 178
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole-organism some measurement;whole-organism duration;whole-organism some measurement;whole-organism duration;herbage pubescence"><b>Annuals </b>or perennials, 30–180 cm, herbage glabrous to ± glandular and/or ± tomentose.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem orientation;stem architecture"><b>Stems </b>usually erect, branched distally or throughout, (leafy).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="leaf position;leaf position;leaf position;leaf position"><b>Leaves </b>basal and cauline or all cauline;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="basal and proximal cauline leaf architecture;cauline distal leaf architecture;cauline distal leaf architecture or fixation">basal and proximal cauline winged-petiolate, distal cauline sessile, sometimes clasping;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="blade margin shape;blade margin architecture or shape;face pubescence;face pubescence;face pubescence">blade margins dentate to pinnately lobed, ± spiny, faces glabrous or ± glandlar and/or ± tomentose.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="head architecture or shape;head arrangement;head arrangement;array architecture or shape;array architecture"><b>Heads </b>discoid, borne singly or in few-headed cymiform arrays.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="involucre shape;involucre size"><b>Involucres </b>ovoid, constricted distally.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="phyllary quantity;phyllary shape;series quantity;base fixation or orientation;apical appendage growth form or texture;apical appendage architecture;apical appendage shape;apical appendage shape;apical appendage architecture or shape"><b>Phyllaries </b>many in 4–5 series, linear to ovate (at least outer ± leaflike), bases appressed, apical appendages more herbaceous, prominently veiny, spiny-dentate or lobed, spine-tipped.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="receptacle shape;receptacle architecture;scale shape"><b>Receptacles </b>convex to conic, epaleate, bearing subulate scales.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="floret quantity"><b>Florets </b>15–60+;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="corolla coloration;tube size;throat size;throat shape;throat shape;lobe arrangement or course or shape">corollas yellow to red or ± purple, tubes very slender, throats gradually or abruptly expanded, ± cylindric or short-campanulate, lobes linear;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="anther base shape;apical appendage shape">anther bases short-tailed, apical appendages oblong;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="portion fusion;portion relief;basal node shape;basal node pubescence;portion fusion;portion height or length or size">style-branches: fused portions with slightly swollen basal nodes minutely hairy, distally minutely papillate, distinct portions very short.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="cypsela shape;cypsela shape;rim architecture;rim architecture;face relief or texture;face architecture or pubescence or relief;face pubescence;attachment scar position"><b>Cypselae </b>oblong to obpyramidal, ± 4-angled, apices with smooth or dentate rims, faces usually ± roughened (outer) or smooth (inner), glabrous, attachment scars lateral;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="scale quantity;scale size;scale size or width;scale arrangement;series quantity">pappi 0 or (usually only inner cypselae) ± persistent, of many, usually unequal, narrow scales overlapping in several series.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="pappus presence;pappus duration;x chromosome quantity;x chromosome quantity">x = 10, 12.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=United States;Mediterranean region
|introduced=true
|discussion=<p>Species 14 (4 in the flora).</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=ashri1959a
|text=Ashri, A. and P. F. Knowles. 1959. Further notes on Carthamus in California. Leafl. W. Bot. 9: 5–8.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=ashri1960a
|text=Ashri, A. and P. F. Knowles. 1960. Cytogenetics of safflower (Carthamus L.) species and their hybrids. Agron. J. 52: 11–17.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=hanelt1963a
|text=Hanelt, P. 1963. Monographisch Übersicht der Gattung Carthamus L. (Compositae). Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 67: 41–180.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=hanelt1976a
|text=Hanelt, P. 1976. Carthamus. In: T. G. Tutin et al., eds. 1964–1980. Flora Europaea. 5 vols. Cambridge. Vol. 4, pp. 302–303.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=khidir1970a
|text=Khidir, M. O. and P. F. Knowles. 1970. Cytogenetic studies of Carthamus species (Compositae) with 32 pairs of chromosomes. I. Intrasectional hybridization. Amer. J. Bot. 57: 123–129.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=khidir1970b
|text=Khidir, M. O. and P. F. Knowles. 1970b. Cytogenetic studies of Carthamus species (Compositae) with 32 pairs of chromosomes. II. Intersectional hybridization. Canad. J. Genet. Cytol. 12: 90–99.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Corollas pink or pale purple; cauline leaves ± deeply lobed
|[[Carthamus leucocaulos|Carthamus leucocaulos]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Corollas yellow to red; cauline leaves toothed to deeply lobed
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Cauline leaves toothed, otherwise undivided, weakly spiny; corollas yellow to red; cypselae white
|[[Carthamus tinctorius|Carthamus tinctorius]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Cauline leaves ± divided, very spiny; corollas yellow; cypselae brown
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Anthers yellow, pollen yellow; corollas bright yellow; outer phyllaries usually not more than 1.5 times as long as inner; herbage ± cobwebby; stems stramineous.
|[[Carthamus lanatus|Carthamus lanatus]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Anthers white with purple lines, pollen white; corollas pale yellow; outer phyllaries usually 2 times as long as inner; herbage ± sparsely hairy; stems white or stramineous
|[[Carthamus creticus|Carthamus creticus]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Carthamus
|author=David J. Keil
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=tribe
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Asteraceae
|distribution=United States;Mediterranean region
|introduced=true
|reference=ashri1959a;ashri1960a;hanelt1963a;hanelt1976a;khidir1970a;khidir1970b
|publication title=Sp. Pl.;Gen. Pl. ed.
|publication year=1753;1754
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V19-20-21/V19_200.xml
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Cardueae
|genus=Carthamus
|anther base shape=short-tailed
|apical appendage architecture=veiny
|apical appendage architecture or shape=spine-tipped
|apical appendage growth form or texture=herbaceous
|apical appendage shape=oblong;lobed;spiny-dentate
|array architecture=cymiform
|array architecture or shape=few-headed
|attachment scar position=lateral
|basal and proximal cauline leaf architecture=winged-petiolate
|basal node pubescence=hairy
|basal node shape=swollen
|base fixation or orientation=appressed
|blade margin architecture or shape=spiny
|blade margin shape=dentate;pinnately lobed
|cauline distal leaf architecture=sessile
|cauline distal leaf architecture or fixation=clasping
|corolla coloration=yellow;red or more or less purple
|cypsela shape=4-angled;oblong;obpyramidal
|face architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth
|face pubescence=glabrous;tomentose;more or less;glabrous
|face relief or texture=roughened
|floret quantity=15;60
|head architecture or shape=discoid
|head arrangement=in few-headed cymiform arrays;singly
|herbage pubescence=glabrous;more or less glandular and/or more or less tomentose
|involucre shape=ovoid
|involucre size=constricted
|leaf position=cauline;all;cauline;basal
|lobe arrangement or course or shape=linear
|pappus duration=persistent
|pappus presence=absent
|phyllary quantity=many
|phyllary shape=linear;ovate
|portion fusion=distinct;fused
|portion height or length or size=short
|portion relief=papillate
|receptacle architecture=epaleate
|receptacle shape=convex;conic
|rim architecture=dentate;smooth
|scale arrangement=overlapping
|scale quantity=many
|scale shape=subulate
|scale size=unequal
|scale size or width=narrow
|series quantity=several;4;5
|stem architecture=branched
|stem orientation=erect
|throat shape=short-campanulate;cylindric
|throat size=expanded
|tube size=slender
|whole-organism duration=perennial;annual
|whole-organism some measurement=30cm;180cm
|x chromosome quantity=12;10
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Asteraceae tribe Cardueae]]