View source for Cayaponia

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Cayaponia
|accepted_authority=Silva Manso
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Enum. Subst. Braz.,
|place=31. 1836
|year=1836
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Cucurbitaceae;Cayaponia
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Cucurbitaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Cayaponia]]</div></div>
|etymology=Derivation uncertain, perhaps from Caiapó, river or native tribe of Amazonian Brazil
|volume=Volume 6
|mention_page=page 4, 5, 47
|treatment_page=page 46
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism duration;whole_organism reproduction;whole_organism reproduction;whole_organism growth form;whole_organism growth form"><b>Plants </b>perennial, usually monoecious, sometimes dioecious, climbing;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem duration;stem duration;stem pubescence;stem pubescence">stems annual or perennial, puberulent or glabrous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="root architecture">roots tuberous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="tendril architecture;tendril architecture">tendrils unbranched or 2 [–3] -branched.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;lobe shape;lobe shape;lobe shape;margin shape;margin shape;surface presence;gland shape;bract shape"><b>Leaves:</b> blade [subquadrangular] pentagonal, deltate, or ovate, unlobed or 3–5-lobed, lobes broadly triangular or deltate to ovate-deltate, oblong-oblanceolate, or elliptic, margins denticulate or serrulate, surfaces sometimes with disc-shaped glands abaxially near base or bracts filiform or absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="hypanthium shape"><b>Flowers:</b> hypanthium campanulate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="sepal quantity;sepal shape">sepals 5, deltate to triangular or linear [ovatelanceolate, oblong-lanceolate, or linear-subulate];</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="petal quantity;petal fusion;petal length;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal shape;petal some measurement;petal pubescence;petal pubescence;petal pubescence;corolla shape">petals 5, connate 1/2–2/3 length, white, cream, or pale green [orange to yellow], oblong-lanceolate to linear-oblong, 5–10 mm, glabrous or puberulent or tomentose adaxially, corolla rotate to campanulate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="flower architecture;stamen quantity"><b>Staminate </b>flowers: stamens 3;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="flower architecture;filament fusion">filaments inserted near hypanthium rim, distinct;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="flower architecture;theca fusion;theca fusion;theca vernation;connective size or width">thecae distinct or connate, forming a head, sigmoid-replicate, connective narrow;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="flower architecture;ovary shape">pistillodes with 3-lobed ovary.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="flower architecture;ovary architecture or structure in adjective form;ovary shape"><b>Pistillate </b>flowers: ovary 3-locular (or 1 or 2 by abortion), globose to ovoid or ellipsoid-cylindric;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="flower architecture;ovule atypical quantity;ovule quantity">ovules 1–4 (–10) per locule;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="flower architecture;style quantity;style size or width">style 1, narrow;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="flower architecture;stigma quantity;stigma shape">stigmas 1, 3-lobed;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="flower architecture;staminode quantity;staminode size">staminodes 3, minute.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="pepo condition or texture;pepo architecture or shape;pepo coloration;pepo coloration;pepo coloration;pepo shape;pepo architecture or pubescence or relief;pepo pubescence;pepo dehiscence"><b>Fruits </b>dry pepos or berrylike, red to scarlet, orange, or golden brown [green], mostly ellipsoid-cylindric [to globose], smooth, glabrous, indehiscent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="seed atypical quantity;seed atypical quantity;seed quantity;seed shape;seed shape;seed architecture;margin variability;margin width;margin width;surface architecture or pubescence or relief"><b>Seeds </b>[1–] 3–12 [–30], obovoid, [ovoid or oblong], subcompressed, not arillate, margins variably differentiated, sometimes thinner or with narrow light-colored stripe, surface smooth.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=se United States;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America
|discussion=<p>A discussion of plasticity of inflorescence morphology in Cayaponia was provided by R. McVaugh (2001b)––a flowering branch apparently constitutes a complex branching system, potentially producing solitary flowers, groups of flowers, or new branches from any node. Although these observations pertain directly only to C. attenuata (Hooker & Arnott) Cogniaux, they perhaps also apply to the two species included here.</p><!--
--><p>Species ca. 60 (2 in the flora).</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=duchen2010a
|text=Duchen, P. and S. S. Renner. 2010. The evolution of Cayaponia (Cucurbitaceae): Repeated shifts from bat to bee pollination and long-distance dispersal to Africa 2–5 million years ago. Amer. J. Bot. 97: 1129–1141.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Petioles glabrous; leaf blades hirsute-hispidulous abaxially, pustulate-scabrous adaxially; fruiting peduncles 8–15(–30) mm.
|[[Cayaponia americana|Cayaponia americana]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Petioles usually villous-hirsute, sometimes villous, stipitate-glandular; leaf blades villosulous to hirsutulous; fruiting peduncles 1–4 mm.
|[[Cayaponia quinqueloba|Cayaponia quinqueloba]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Cayaponia
|authority=Silva Manso
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Cucurbitaceae
|distribution=se United States;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America
|reference=duchen2010a
|publication title=Enum. Subst. Braz.,
|publication year=1836
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V6/V6_76.xml
|genus=Cayaponia
|blade shape=3-5-lobed;unlobed;ovate;deltate;3-5-lobed;unlobed;ovate;deltate;3-5-lobed;unlobed;ovate;deltate;pentagonal
|bract shape=filiform
|connective size or width=narrow
|corolla shape=rotate;campanulate
|filament fusion=distinct
|flower architecture=pistillate;pistillate;pistillate;pistillate;pistillate;staminate;staminate;staminate;staminate
|gland shape=disc--shaped
|hypanthium shape=campanulate
|lobe shape=deltate;ovate-deltate oblong-oblanceolate or elliptic
|margin shape=serrulate;denticulate
|margin variability=differentiated
|margin width=with narrow light-colored stripe;thinner
|ovary architecture or structure in adjective form=3-locular
|ovary shape=globose;ovoid or ellipsoid-cylindric
|ovule atypical quantity=4;10
|ovule quantity=1;4
|pepo architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth
|pepo architecture or shape=berrylike
|pepo coloration=red;scarlet orange or golden brown
|pepo condition or texture=dry
|pepo dehiscence=indehiscent
|pepo pubescence=glabrous
|pepo shape=ellipsoid-cylindric
|petal coloration=pale green;cream;pale green;cream;white
|petal fusion=connate
|petal length=1/2;2/3
|petal pubescence=tomentose;puberulent;glabrous
|petal quantity=5
|petal shape=oblong-lanceolate;linear-oblong
|petal some measurement=5mm;10mm
|root architecture=tuberous
|seed architecture=not arillate
|seed atypical quantity=12;30
|seed quantity=3;12
|seed shape=subcompressed;obovoid
|sepal quantity=5
|sepal shape=deltate;triangular or linear
|stamen quantity=3
|staminode quantity=3
|staminode size=minute
|stem duration=perennial;annual
|stem pubescence=glabrous;puberulent
|stigma quantity=1
|stigma shape=3-lobed
|style quantity=1
|style size or width=narrow
|surface architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth
|surface presence=absent
|tendril architecture=2[-3]-branched;unbranched
|theca fusion=connate;distinct
|theca vernation=sigmoid-replicate
|whole_organism duration=perennial
|whole_organism growth form=plant;climbing
|whole_organism reproduction=dioecious;monoecious
}}<!--

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