View source for Encalypta

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Encalypta
|accepted_authority=Hedwig
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Musc. Frond.,
|place=60. 1801 ,
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Encalyptaceae;Encalypta
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Encalyptaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Encalypta]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek en, in, and kalyptos, cover or veil or lid, alluding to the calyptra
|volume=Volume 27
|mention_page=page 10, 171, 173, 265
|treatment_page=page 172
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism size;whole_organism growth form;whole_organism growth form"><b>Plants </b>small to medium-sized, frequently gregarious.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem architecture;stem pubescence"><b>Stems </b>irregularly branched, occasionally tomentose;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="central strand presence;central strand variability">central strand absent or weakly differentiated.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaf shape;leaf shape;leaf shape;leaf shape"><b>Leaves </b>oblong, elliptic, narrowly spathulate or occasionally lanceolate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="apex shape;apex shape;apex shape">apex broadly acute to rounded, mucronate to hair-pointed, occasionally cucullate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="margin shape;margin orientation;margin architecture or shape">margins plane to weakly recurved on one or both sides, entire;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="costa quantity;costa position;costa architecture;awn architecture or pubescence or relief;awn coloration">costa single, subpercurrent to long-excurrent, awn smooth, hyaline;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="distal laminal bud shape;distal laminal bud relief;surface prominence;papilla quantity;papilla size;papilla architecture;papilla shape">distal laminal cells more or less quadrate, papillose on one or both exposed surfaces with several large, branching or C-shaped papillae;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="marginal bud length or size;border fragility">marginal cells sometimes longer proximally, forming a very weak border;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="basal-bud shape;basal-bud architecture;basal-bud architecture or pubescence or relief">basal-cells long-rectangular, thin-walled, generally smooth, cross-walls frequently distinctly colored.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="cross-wall coloration;cross-wall reproduction;cross-wall reproduction"><b>Sexual </b>condition autoicous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="seta shape;seta architecture or pubescence or relief;seta coloration"><b>Seta </b>elongate, smooth, brown to red or dark red.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="capsule position;capsule location;capsule orientation;capsule shape;capsule architecture;capsule architecture"><b>Capsule </b>generally long-exserted or just emergent, erect to inclined, cylindric, smooth or distinctly furrowed;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="stoma quantity">gymnostomous or peristomate, stomata few;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="peristome quantity;peristome size;exostome presence;projection architecture or course;projection length or size;projection size or width;projection relief;tooth architecture or course;tooth length or size;tooth size or width;tooth relief">peristome single, double or absent, exostome frequently reduced to small, irregular projections or teeth long, narrow, papillose;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="operculum shape">operculum usually conic-rostrate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="calyptra relief;calyptra relief;calyptra shape;calyptra shape;calyptra shape;fringe size;fringe development"><b>Calyptra </b>smooth or papillose distally or frequently only on rostrum, entire, fringed or lacerate below, fringe small or well developed.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="spore size;spore relief;spore shape"><b>Spores </b>generally large, ornamentation papillose to warty, or ridged.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America;Europe;Asia;Africa;Indian Ocean Islands (Madagascar);Pacific Islands (New Zealand);Australia
|discussion=<p>Species 34 (14 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>The large, straw-colored calyptrae of Encalypta are generally present in mature colonies, growing on shallow soil over rock in exposed or moderately sheltered recesses. Encalypta can be separated from the only other genus in the family, Bryobrittonia, by papillose distal leaf cells and more or less entire leaf margins.</p><!--
--><p>Excluded Species:</p><!--
--><p>Encalypta microstoma Balsamo & De Notaris</p><!--
--><p>No specimens were seen; see D. G. Horton (1983).</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Vegetative leaves without long awn; apex muticous, mucronate, or apiculate
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Some or all vegetative leaves with distinct awns; apex broad to obtuse or acute
|[[#key-0-8| > 8]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Stems covered with dense mass of rhizoidal gemmae.
|[[Encalypta procera|Encalypta procera]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Stems without rhizoidal gemmae
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Costa short-excurrent or percurrent; peristome present
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Costa ending before apex on most leaves; peristome absent
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Leaves oblong to elliptical, 4-6 mm; regularly apiculate; peristome single.
|[[Encalypta ciliata|Encalypta ciliata]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Leaves ligulate to lingulate or narrowly lanceolate, 3-5 mm; costa ending before apex or short-excurrent; peristome double.
|[[Encalypta affinis|Encalypta affinis]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Leaves broadly oblong to elliptical, 3-4 mm; calyptra fringed or not
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Leaves elliptical to ligulate or lingulate, 1-3 mm; calyptra lacerate
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Calyptra base not fringed; costa generally smooth distally adaxially; capsule weakly striate; spores warty, 22-35 µm.
|[[Encalypta vulgaris|Encalypta vulgaris]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Calyptra irregularly fringed at base; costa papillose distally adaxially; capsule smooth to slightly wrinkled; spores finely pitted, 30-35 µm.
|[[Encalypta texana|Encalypta texana]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Leaves broadly elliptical to ligulate, 1-2 mm; margins plane to weakly recurved along one margin; spores papillose, 25-28 µm.
|[[Encalypta mutica|Encalypta mutica]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Leaves broadly oblong to lingulate, 2-3 mm; margins plane; spores ridged, 35-40 µm
|[[Encalypta flowersiana|Encalypta flowersiana]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Leaves apiculate to short-awned
|[[#key-0-9| > 9]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Leaves short- to long-awned
|[[#key-0-12| > 12]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Peristome well developed; leaf apex broad to obtuse
|[[#key-0-10| > 10]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Peristome weak or absent; leaf apex acute
|[[#key-0-11| > 11]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Capsules distinctly ribbed; spores warty, 35-37 µm; leaves oblong to lingulate, 1.5-2.5 mm
|[[Encalypta vittiana|Encalypta vittiana]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Capsules ± smooth, not ribbed; spores granulate, 60-80 µm; leaves narrowly spathulate to lingulate, 1.3-2.5 mm.
|[[Encalypta longicollis|Encalypta longicollis]]
|-id=key-0-11
|11
|Leaves lanceolate; peristome absent.
|[[Encalypta alpina|Encalypta alpina]]
|-id=key-0-11
|11
|Leaves narrowly oblong; peristome present, weak.
|[[Encalypta rhaptocarpa|Encalypta rhaptocarpa]]
|-id=key-0-12
|12
|Peristome absent
|[[#key-0-13| > 13]]
|-id=key-0-12
|12
|Peristome present
|[[#key-0-14| > 14]]
|-id=key-0-13
|13
|Leaves oblong, 1.7-3 mm; seta elongate.
|[[Encalypta spathulata|Encalypta spathulata]]
|-id=key-0-13
|13
|Leaves broadly oblong to oval-spathulate, 2-4 mm; seta short.
|[[Encalypta brevipes|Encalypta brevipes]]
|-id=key-0-14
|14
|Capsules strongly ribbed
|[[#key-0-15| > 15]]
|-id=key-0-14
|14
|Capsules not noticeably ribbed
|[[#key-0-16| > 16]]
|-id=key-0-15
|15
|Calyptra base fringed; leaves lingulate, apiculate to very short-awned.
|[[Encalypta vittiana|Encalypta vittiana]]
|-id=key-0-15
|15
|Calyptra base erose; leaves oblong-lanceolate, generally with a distinct awn
|[[Encalypta rhaptocarpa|Encalypta rhaptocarpa]]
|-id=key-0-16
|16
|Leaves ligulate to narrowly spathulate, 1.5-3.5 mm; capsules short- cylindric; spores granulate.
|[[Encalypta longicollis|Encalypta longicollis]]
|-id=key-0-16
|16
|Leaves broad oblong to oblong spathulate, 2-6 mm; capsules cylindric; spores warty or ridged.
|[[Encalypta brevicollis|Encalypta brevicollis]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Encalypta
|authority=Hedwig
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Encalyptaceae
|distribution=North America;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America;Europe;Asia;Africa;Indian Ocean Islands (Madagascar);Pacific Islands (New Zealand);Australia
|reference=None
|publication title=Sp. Musc. Frond.,
|publication year=
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V27/V27_220.xml
|genus=Encalypta
|apex shape=cucullate;broadly acute;rounded mucronate
|awn architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth
|awn coloration=hyaline
|basal-bud architecture=thin-walled
|basal-bud architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth
|basal-bud shape=long-rectangular
|border fragility=weak
|calyptra relief=papillose;smooth
|calyptra shape=lacerate;fringed;entire
|capsule architecture=furrowed;smooth
|capsule location=emergent
|capsule orientation=erect;inclined
|capsule position=long-exserted
|capsule shape=cylindric
|central strand presence=absent
|central strand variability=differentiated
|costa architecture=long-excurrent
|costa position=subpercurrent
|costa quantity=single
|cross-wall coloration=colored
|cross-wall reproduction=autoicous;sexual
|distal laminal bud relief=papillose
|distal laminal bud shape=quadrate
|exostome presence=absent
|fringe development=developed
|fringe size=small
|leaf shape=lanceolate;spathulate;elliptic;oblong
|margin architecture or shape=entire
|margin orientation=recurved
|margin shape=plane
|marginal bud length or size=longer
|operculum shape=conic-rostrate
|papilla architecture=branching
|papilla quantity=several
|papilla shape=c--shaped
|papilla size=large
|peristome quantity=single
|peristome size=frequently reduced;small
|projection architecture or course=irregular
|projection length or size=long
|projection relief=papillose
|projection size or width=narrow
|seta architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth
|seta coloration=brown;red or dark red
|seta shape=elongate
|spore relief=papillose;warty
|spore shape=ridged
|spore size=large
|stem architecture=branched
|stem pubescence=tomentose
|stoma quantity=few
|surface prominence=exposed
|tooth architecture or course=irregular
|tooth length or size=long
|tooth relief=papillose
|tooth size or width=narrow
|whole_organism growth form=plant;gregarious
|whole_organism size=small;medium-sized
}}<!--

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