View source for Hybanthus linearifolius

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Hybanthus linearifolius
|accepted_authority=(Vahl) Urban
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Symb. Antill.
|place=5: 436. 1908
|year=1908
}}
|common_names=Chancleta
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=I
|label=Introduced
}}
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym
|name=Viola linearifolia
|authority=Vahl
|rank=species
|publication_title=in H. West, Bidr. Beskr. Ste Croix,
|publication_place=303. 1793
}}
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Viola stricta
|authority=(Ventenat) Poir
|rank=species
}}
|hierarchy=Violaceae;Hybanthus;Hybanthus linearifolius
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Violaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Hybanthus]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Hybanthus linearifolius]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 6
|mention_page=page 109
|treatment_page=page 110
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="plants herb duration;plants herb duration;plants herb some measurement;rhizome texture;rhizome diameter"><b>Plants </b>herbs, annual or perennial, 10–50 cm, from subligneous rhizome ca. 3 mm diam.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem quantity;stem orientation;stem orientation;stem architecture;stem pubescence;stem pubescence"><b>Stems </b>1+, erect or ascending, branched, subglabrous or hairy.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="proximal leaf arrangement;distal leaf arrangement;distal leaf architecture;distal leaf architecture"><b>Leaves:</b> proximal usually opposite, distal usually alternate (occasionally opposite), petiolate or sessile;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="stipule shape;stipule some measurement;stipule pubescence">stipules linear-subulate to lanceolate, 0.6–2 mm, usually glabrous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="petiole some measurement">petiole 0–6 mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="proximal blade shape;proximal blade shape;distal blade shape;base shape;base shape;base length;base width;base shape;base shape;base architecture or shape;base architecture or pubescence or shape;base shape;base pubescence;base pubescence;margin shape;margin shape;margin length;margin width;margin shape;margin shape;margin architecture or shape;margin architecture or pubescence or shape;margin shape;margin pubescence;margin pubescence;apex shape;apex shape;apex length;apex width;apex shape;apex shape;apex architecture or shape;apex architecture or pubescence or shape;apex shape;apex pubescence;apex pubescence;surface shape;surface shape;surface length;surface width;surface shape;surface shape;surface architecture or shape;surface architecture or pubescence or shape;surface shape;surface pubescence;surface pubescence">blades: proximal obovate or elliptic-ovate, distal oblong-lanceolate to linearlanceolate, elliptic, or obovate-elliptic, 0.8–5.1 × 0.3–1.8 cm, base attenuate, margins subentire to remotely crenulate-dentate, ciliate, apex acute to obtuse, surfaces glabrate or puberulent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="inflorescence architecture"><b>Inflorescences </b>1–2-flowered;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="peduncle orientation;peduncle orientation;peduncle orientation;peduncle orientation;peduncle some measurement;peduncle pubescence">peduncle ± horizontal or erect at anthesis, horizontal or pendant in fruit, 6–20 mm, puberulent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="bracteole presence">bracteoles present.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="sepal fixation or orientation;sepal shape;sepal shape;sepal shape;sepal shape;sepal shape;margin architecture or pubescence or shape;apex shape"><b>Flowers:</b> sepals appressed to corolla, lanceolate, ovatelanceolate, or oblong, margins ciliate, apex acuminate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="upper lateral coloration;upper lateral coloration;upper lateral coloration;upper lateral coloration;upper lateral coloration;upper lateral shape;upper lateral some measurement;margin architecture or pubescence or shape;apex shape;apex coloration;apex coloration;apex pubescence">petals: upper and laterals white, bluish, or purplish white, oblong, 3–5 mm, margins sometimes ciliate, apex deltate, often tinged purple or red, glabrous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="petal position;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;claw length;claw width;distal limb shape;distal limb shape;distal limb width;apex shape;apex shape;surface pubescence">lowest white, bluish, or purplish white, with basal purple patch, 5–9.5 mm, claw 3–4 × 1 mm, distal limb deltate to suborbiculate, ± flat to convex at anthesis, 4–10 mm wide, apex retuse or not, surfaces glabrous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="flower reproduction">presence of cleistogamous flowers not determined.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="capsule shape;capsule shape;capsule some measurement"><b>Capsules </b>globose or obtusely trigonous, 3–4.5 mm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="seed quantity;seed coloration;seed shape;seed shape;seed shape;seed some measurement"><b>Seeds </b>3–6, brownish black to black, ovoid or obovoid, subangular, 1.3–2 mm.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering Jan–Dec.
|habitat=Avocado groves and ruderal areas
|elevation=1–3 m
|distribution=Fla.;West Indies (Cuba);West Indies (Dominican Republic);West Indies (Greater Antilles);West Indies (Lesser Antilles);West Indies (Puerto Rico);West Indies (Virgin Islands)
|introduced=true
|discussion=<p>Hybanthus linearifolius appears to have first been documented in Florida in 2001 by K. A. Bradley from an avocado grove in Miami-Dade County (FTG 140029, 140268). The occurrence was cited by R. P. Wunderlin and B. F. Hansen 2003 (K. A. Bradley, pers. comm.). In 2009, it was collected in Palm Beach County, Florida, and identified at the Division of Plant Industry, FDACS; it was not accessioned (P. J. Anderson, pers. comm.).</p><!--
--><p>Hno. Alain (1985–1997, vol. 3) reported that Hybanthus linearifolius occurs as an annual or a perennial; it is unknown if the species behaves as an annual or perennial in Florida.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Hybanthus linearifolius
|authority=(Vahl) Urban
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Viola stricta
|basionyms=Viola linearifolia
|family=Violaceae
|phenology=Flowering Jan–Dec.
|habitat=Avocado groves and ruderal areas
|elevation=1–3 m
|distribution=Fla.;West Indies (Cuba);West Indies (Dominican Republic);West Indies (Greater Antilles);West Indies (Lesser Antilles);West Indies (Puerto Rico);West Indies (Virgin Islands)
|introduced=true
|reference=None
|publication title=Symb. Antill.
|publication year=1908
|special status=Introduced
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V6/V6_190.xml
|genus=Hybanthus
|species=Hybanthus linearifolius
|apex architecture or pubescence or shape=ciliate
|apex architecture or shape=crenulate-dentate
|apex coloration=red;tinged purple
|apex length=0.8cm;5.1cm
|apex pubescence=glabrous;puberulent;glabrate
|apex shape=not;retuse;deltate;acuminate;acute;obtuse
|apex width=0.3cm;1.8cm
|base architecture or pubescence or shape=ciliate
|base architecture or shape=crenulate-dentate
|base length=0.8cm;5.1cm
|base pubescence=puberulent;glabrate
|base shape=acute;obtuse
|base width=0.3cm;1.8cm
|bracteole presence=absent
|capsule shape=trigonous;globose
|capsule some measurement=3mm;4.5mm
|claw length=3mm;4mm
|claw width=1
|distal blade shape=oblong-lanceolate
|distal leaf architecture=sessile;petiolate
|distal leaf arrangement=alternate
|distal limb shape=deltate;suborbiculate more or less flat
|distal limb width=4mm;10mm
|flower reproduction=cleistogamous
|inflorescence architecture=1-2-flowered
|margin architecture or pubescence or shape=ciliate;ciliate;ciliate
|margin architecture or shape=crenulate-dentate
|margin length=0.8cm;5.1cm
|margin pubescence=puberulent;glabrate
|margin shape=acute;obtuse
|margin width=0.3cm;1.8cm
|peduncle orientation=pendant;horizontal;erect;horizontal
|peduncle pubescence=puberulent
|peduncle some measurement=6mm;20mm
|petal coloration=purplish white;bluish;purplish white;bluish;white
|petal position=lowest
|petiole some measurement=0mm;6mm
|plants herb duration=perennial;annual
|plants herb some measurement=10cm;50cm
|proximal blade shape=elliptic-ovate;obovate
|proximal leaf arrangement=opposite
|rhizome diameter=3
|rhizome texture=subligneous
|seed coloration=brownish black;black
|seed quantity=3;6
|seed shape=subangular;obovoid;ovoid
|seed some measurement=1.3mm;2mm
|sepal fixation or orientation=appressed
|sepal shape=oblong;ovatelanceolate;oblong;ovatelanceolate;lanceolate
|stem architecture=branched
|stem orientation=ascending;erect
|stem pubescence=hairy;subglabrous
|stipule pubescence=glabrous
|stipule shape=linear-subulate;lanceolate
|stipule some measurement=0.6mm;2mm
|surface architecture or pubescence or shape=ciliate
|surface architecture or shape=crenulate-dentate
|surface length=0.8cm;5.1cm
|surface pubescence=glabrous;puberulent;glabrate
|surface shape=acute;obtuse
|surface width=0.3cm;1.8cm
|upper lateral coloration=purplish white;bluish;purplish white;bluish;white
|upper lateral shape=oblong
|upper lateral some measurement=3mm;5mm
}}<!--

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