View source for Linum

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Linum
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=1: 277. 1753
|year=1753
}}
|common_names=Flax
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Linaceae;Linum
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Linaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Linum]]</div></div>
|etymology=Latin lin, flax
|volume=Volume 12
|mention_page=page 371, 372, 376, 377, 382, 388, 395
|treatment_page=page 373
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism duration;whole_organism duration;whole_organism duration;whole_organism duration;whole_organism duration;whole_organism pubescence;whole_organism pubescence;whole_organism growth form;whole_organism duration;whole_organism duration;whole_organism duration;whole_organism duration;whole_organism duration;whole_organism pubescence;whole_organism pubescence;whole_organism growth form"><b>Herbs </b>or subshrubs, annual, biennial, or perennial, glabrous or hairy.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem orientation;stem orientation;stem orientation;stem architecture;stem architecture;base growth form or orientation"><b>Stems </b>usually erect or spreading to ascending, sometimes decumbent or ascending from decumbent base, unbranched or branched at base, throughout, or only in inflorescence.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="leaf life cycle;leaf arrangement;leaf arrangement"><b>Leaves </b>sometimes falling early, alternate or sometimes partially opposite or whorled;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="stipular gland presence;stipular gland presence">stipular glands present or absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;margin shape;margin architecture or shape;margin architecture or pubescence or shape">blade linear, linear-lanceolate, linear-oblanceolate, lanceolate, oblanceolate, elliptic, oblong, obovate, spatulate, or awl-shaped, margins glandular-toothed or entire, sometimes ciliate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties=""><b>Inflorescences </b>usually panicles, racemes, or cymes, rarely thyrses or corymbs.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="pedicel architecture;pedicel architecture"><b>Pedicels </b>articulated or not.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="sepal duration;sepal duration;sepal quantity;sepal fusion;sepal variability;sepal size;margin texture;margin architecture or shape;margin shape;margin shape;margin shape;margin shape;margin architecture or function or pubescence;margin architecture or function or pubescence"><b>Flowers:</b> sepals persistent or deciduous, 5, connate at base, equal or unequal in size, margins scarious, entire, ciliate, or toothed, glandular or not;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="petal quantity;petal fusion;petal fusion;petal fixation;petal position;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;band coloration;appendage presence">petals 5, distinct or coherent at base, attached to filament cup at base, midway, or on or proximal to rim, blue, white, yellow, yellowish orange, orange, or salmon, rarely red or maroon, sometimes with darker bands near base, appendages absent or pouches formed on petal margins at base of claw;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="stamen quantity">stamens 5;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="staminode presence;staminode quantity;projection size;projection shape">staminodes 0 or 5, as small deltate projections;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="pistil architecture;ovary architecture or structure in adjective form;ovary architecture or structure in adjective form;ovary architecture or structure in adjective form;ovary architecture or structure in adjective form">pistil 5-carpellate, ovary 5-locular, or 10-locular by intrusion of false septa;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="style quantity;style fusion;style fusion">styles 5, distinct or connate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="stigma shape;stigma shape;stigma shape;stigma shape;stigma shape;stigma width">stigmas capitate, linear, or clavate, wider than styles.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="fruits capsule architecture;fruits capsule dehiscence;segment quantity;cell shape;cell dehiscence;false septum architecture;false septum architecture;segment quantity"><b>Fruits </b>capsules, usually 5-celled and dehiscing into 5 segments, sometimes each cell partially divided by incomplete or nearly complete false septum and dehiscing into 10 segments.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties=""><b>Seeds </b>10, lenticular.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="seed quantity;seed shape;x chromosome quantity;x chromosome quantity;x chromosome quantity">x = 13, [15, 18].</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Nearly worldwide;temperate and subtropical regions
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 180 (37 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>C. M. Rogers (1963, 1964, 1968, 1982, 1984) published comprehensive studies of Linum in North America and Central America; he also studied Linum in South America (Rogers and R. Mildner 1976), southern Africa (Rogers 1981), and Madagascar (Rogers 1981b). This treatment draws largely on his work and follows his taxonomic arrangement, which is congruent, at least at the level of section, with the results in J. R. McDill et al. (2009). Species of Linum in the flora have been placed in three sections of the genus, out of a total of five sections worldwide.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=harris1968a
|text=Harris, B. D. 1968. Chromosome numbers and evolution in North America species of Linum. Amer. J. Bot. 55: 1197–1204.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=rogers1963a
|text=Rogers, C. M. 1963. Yellow flowered species of Linum in eastern North America. Brittonia 15: 97–122.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=rogers1964a
|text=Rogers, C. M. 1964. Yellow-flowered Linum (Linaceae) in Texas. Sida 1: 328–336.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=rogers1968a
|text=Rogers, C. M. 1968. Yellow-flowered species of Linum in Central America and western North America. Brittonia 20: 107–135.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Petals yellow, sometimes with maroon at base.
|[[Linum sect. Linopsis|Linum sect. Linopsis]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Petals red, white, or blue.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Sepal margins not glandular-toothed; petals usually blue or red to maroon, rarely white.
|[[Linum sect. Linum|Linum sect. Linum]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Sepal margins (at least inner) glandular-toothed, petals white.
|[[Linum sect. Cathartolinum|Linum sect. Cathartolinum]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Linum
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Linaceae
|distribution=Nearly worldwide;temperate and subtropical regions
|reference=harris1968a;rogers1963a;rogers1964a;rogers1968a
|publication title=Sp. Pl.
|publication year=1753
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V12/V12_647.xml
|genus=Linum
|appendage presence=absent
|band coloration=darker
|base growth form or orientation=decumbent
|blade shape=awl--shaped;spatulate;awl--shaped;spatulate;obovate;oblong;elliptic;oblanceolate;lanceolate;linear-oblanceolate;linear-lanceolate;linear
|cell dehiscence=dehiscing
|cell shape=divided
|false septum architecture=complete;incomplete
|fruits capsule architecture=5-celled
|fruits capsule dehiscence=dehiscing
|leaf arrangement=sometimes partially opposite or whorled;alternate
|leaf life cycle=falling
|margin architecture or function or pubescence=not;glandular
|margin architecture or pubescence or shape=ciliate
|margin architecture or shape=entire;entire
|margin shape=toothed;ciliate;toothed;ciliate;glandular-toothed
|margin texture=scarious
|ovary architecture or structure in adjective form=10-locular;5-locular;10-locular;5-locular
|pedicel architecture=not;articulated
|petal coloration=maroon;red;salmon;orange;maroon;red;salmon;orange;maroon;red;salmon;orange;yellowish orange;yellow;white;blue
|petal fixation=attached
|petal fusion=coherent;distinct
|petal position=midway
|petal quantity=5
|pistil architecture=5-carpellate
|projection shape=deltate
|projection size=small
|seed quantity=10
|seed shape=lenticular
|segment quantity=10;5
|sepal duration=deciduous;persistent
|sepal fusion=connate
|sepal quantity=5
|sepal size=unequal
|sepal variability=equal
|stamen quantity=5
|staminode presence=absent
|staminode quantity=5
|stem architecture=branched;unbranched
|stem orientation=ascending;decumbent;spreading;ascending
|stigma shape=clavate;linear;clavate;linear;capitate
|stigma width=wider
|stipular gland presence=absent;absent
|style fusion=connate;distinct
|style quantity=5
|whole_organism duration=perennial;biennial;perennial;biennial;annual;perennial;biennial;perennial;biennial;annual
|whole_organism growth form=subshrub;herb
|whole_organism pubescence=hairy;glabrous;hairy;glabrous
|x chromosome quantity=18];[15;13
}}<!--

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