View source for Potentilla sect. Pensylvanicae

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Potentilla sect. Pensylvanicae
|accepted_authority=Poeverlein in P. F. A. Ascherson et al.
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=in P. F. A. Ascherson et al., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl.
|place=6(1): 669. 1904
|year=1904
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Multifidae
|authority=Rydberg
|rank=unranked
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Potentilla sect. Multifidae
|authority=(Rydberg) A. Nelson
|rank=section
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Potentilla ser.
|authority=Multifidae (Rydberg) T. T. Yu & C. L. Li
|rank=species
}}
|hierarchy=Rosaceae;Rosaceae subfam. Rosoideae;Rosaceae tribe Potentilleae;Potentilla;Potentilla sect. Pensylvanicae
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Rosaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Rosaceae subfam. Rosoideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Rosaceae tribe Potentilleae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Potentilla]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>section</small>[[Potentilla sect. Pensylvanicae]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 9
|mention_page=page 124, 125, 193, 196, 206, 209, 210, 212, 213, 217, 218
|treatment_page=page 211
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole-organism arrangement or pubescence;whole-organism architecture;whole-organism duration"><b>Perennials,</b> ± tufted, not stoloniferous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="taproot size or width">taproots not fleshy-thickened;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="and/or; and/or vestiture quantity;and/or; and/or vestiture presence;and/or; and/or vestiture coloration;and/or length or size;and/or height or length or size;and/or shape;and/or pubescence;hair length or size;hair height or length or size;hair shape;hair pubescence;gland length or size;gland height or length or size;gland shape;gland pubescence">vestiture of long, short, crisped, and/or cottony hairs, glands sparse to abundant, sometimes absent, not red.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="stem orientation;stem shape;stem architecture;stem atypical some measurement;stem atypical some measurement;stem some measurement;stem length"><b>Stems </b>decumbent to erect, not flagelliform, not rooting at nodes, lateral to persistent basal rosettes, (0.1–) 0.5–4 (–6) dm, lengths (1–) 1.5–3 (–4) times basal leaves.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties=""><b>Leaves:</b> basal not in ranks;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="cauline leaf quantity">cauline 1–4;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="primary leaf architecture;primary leaf atypical some measurement;primary leaf some measurement">primary leaves pinnate to subpinnate or subpalmate (with distal leaflets distinct), 1.5–25 (–30) cm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="hair length or size;hair orientation;hair pubescence or texture;hair fragility;gland quantity">petiole: long hairs spreading to appressed, soft to stiff, glands absent or sparse to abundant;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="leaflet atypical quantity;leaflet atypical quantity;leaflet quantity;leaflet character;leaflet shape;leaflet quantity;leaf axis position or shape;leaf axis quantity;leaf axis arrangement;leaf axis shape;leaf axis shape or vernation;leaf margin position or shape;leaf margin quantity;leaf margin arrangement;leaf margin shape;leaf margin shape or vernation;tooth atypical quantity;tooth atypical quantity;tooth quantity;abaxial surface coloration;hair pubescence;hair presence;hair quantity;adaxial surface coloration;adaxial surface pubescence;hair length or size;hair pubescence or texture;hair fragility">leaflets (3–) 5–13 (–19), on distal 1/6–1/2+, rarely less, of leaf axis, separate to ± overlapping, narrowly oblanceolate or elliptic to obovate or broadly oblong, margins ± to strongly revolute, ± whole length evenly incised ± 1/2 to nearly completely to midvein, teeth (2–) 3–8 (–12) per side, surfaces similar to strongly dissimilar, abaxial green to white, cottony hairs absent or sparse to dense, adaxial green to grayish, not glaucous, long hairs soft to ± stiff.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="inflorescence architecture;inflorescence architecture;inflorescence architecture;inflorescence architecture"><b>Inflorescences </b>(1–) 2–40 (–100) -flowered, cymose, congested to very open.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="pedicel course;pedicel atypical some measurement;pedicel atypical some measurement;pedicel some measurement;proximal pedicel length or size"><b>Pedicels </b>± straight in fruit, (0.1–) 0.2–3 (–5) cm, proximal often significantly longer than distal.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="flower architecture"><b>Flowers </b>5-merous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="hypanthium diameter">hypanthium 2.5–10 mm diam.;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="petal coloration;petal shape;petal atypical some measurement;petal atypical some measurement;petal some measurement;petal variability;petal length or size;petal height or length or size;apex shape">petals pale to bright-yellow, obovate to obcordate, (2–) 3–5 (–10.5) mm, +- equal to or longer, sometimes shorter, than sepals, apex rounded or truncate to retuse;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="stamen atypical quantity;stamen quantity">stamens (15–) 20;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="style position;style shape;style shape;style atypical some measurement;style some measurement">styles subapical, conic to columnar, papillate-swollen in proximal 1/4–3/4+ or only at base, if at all, 0.8–1.2 (–1.5) mm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="achene relief"><b>Achenes </b>smooth to rugose.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America;ne Mexico;Eurasia;n Africa
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 20 (8 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Section Pensylvanicae, as here presented, accommodates most perennial species with pinnate to subpinnate leaves and styles ca. 1 mm that are frequently papillate-swollen proximally. Plants are often notably glandular, leaflet margins are usually revolute, and petals are most commonly about the same length as the sepals and often somewhat erect at anthesis. Section Multifidae was commonly used for this group of species until J. Soják (1987b) noted that sect. Pensylvanicae was an older, validly published name.</p><!--
--><p>About half of the North American members of sect. Pensylvanicae have been previously included in a broadly defined Potentilla pensylvanica, with or without infraspecific divisions (for example, C. L. Hitchcock and A. Cronquist 1961b; S. L. Welsh 1974; R. L. McGregor 1986b; H. A. Gleason and Cronquist 1991). In support of a more narrowly circumscribed P. pensylvanica, B. L. Kohli and J. G. Packer (1976) found that major morphologic types coincide with three different ploidy levels. Most plants with fully pinnate leaves (five to nine leaflets in remote pairs) and other characters of typical P. pensylvanica in the narrow sense are tetraploid; plants with subpinnate leaves (mostly five leaflets in approximate pairs) are octoploid (or sometimes tetraploid; Packer, pers. comm.). Diploid populations from the northern Great Plains, morphologically closest to P. pensylvanica in the narrow sense but with epicalyx bractlets usually longer than the sepals, were named P. finitima Kohli & Packer (a later synonym of P. lasiodonta).</p><!--
--><p>The ploidy differences noted by B. L. Kohli and J. G. Packer (1976), in combination with morphology (vestiture, glandularity, leaf dissection, and features of the epicalyx) and ecogeographic correlates, serve collectively to delimit the species that are recognized here. The most distinctive vestiture type is a velvety covering of short (0.2 mm), straight, spreading hairs that generally characterizes Potentilla lasiodonta and P. pensylvanica in the narrow sense, although this feature is sometimes obscured by longer ascending hairs or is missing altogether. Leaves of P. lasiodonta and P. pensylvanica in the narrow sense are also distinctly pinnate, with the blade comprising at least half the total leaf length and being no more than about half as wide as long, usually bearing at least three pairs of lateral leaflets gradually reduced in size from the distalmost, and the leaflets themselves being pinnately toothed with 4–12 blunt teeth per side. Epicalyx bractlets in both species, and also in P. litoralis, tend to be nearly as long as the sepals (to twice as long in P. lasiodonta) and concave, at least in fruit, with revolute margins and prominent midveins. These diagnostic features are not consistently present and/or evident, especially in depauperate and immature specimens, but collectively they serve to identify most specimens with a reasonable level of confidence. Occasional hybrids are to be expected.</p><!--
--><p>In addition to the species addressed here, Potentilla lyngei Jurtzev & Soják subsp. lyngei has been reported from northeastern Greenland. At least one purported voucher (annotated by Jurtzev in ALA) has been reidentified to P. pedersenii (sect. Rubricaules), leaving the North American presence of P. lyngei subsp. lyngei in question. This is not the case for P. lyngei subsp. spissa Soják, described from Greenland; as discussed elsewhere (B. Ertter et al. 2013), this name is probably based on hybrids between P. pulchella and P. hyparctica (sect. Aureae), for which P. ×safronoviae Jurtzev & Soják is the priority name.</p><!--
--><p>Additional nomenclatural details of species in sect. Pensylvanicae were provided by M. L. Fernald (1935), J. Soják (1987c), and B. Ertter (2008). For species of presumed hybrid origin with sect. Pensylvanicae as one parent, see sect. Rubricaules and Ertter et al. (2013).</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Styles papillate-swollen at very base, if at all; inflorescences ± congested to very open
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Styles papillate-swollen in proximal 1/4–3/4+; inflorescences usually congested, sometimes elongating in fruit (± open in P. pulchella)
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Sepal venation prominent at least proximally; inflorescences (5–)10–40+-flowered, ± congested to open; pedicels 0.3–1 cm (proximal to 3 cm).
|[[Potentilla bimundorum|Potentilla bimundorum]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Sepal venation indistinct; inflorescences 2–5-flowered, very open; pedicels 2–4 cm.
|[[Potentilla anachoretica|Potentilla anachoretica]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Basal leaves pinnate, short hairs usually abundant to dense, rarely absent, sometimes obscured (especially in Great Plains); leaflets (2–)3–6(–9) per side, on distal (1/3–)1/2–3/5 of leaf axis; cottony and crisped hairs absent abaxially; epicalyx bractlets: lengths 1–2 times sepals, margins ± revolute
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Basal leaves subpinnate to subpalmate, short hairs absent, sparse, or obscured; leaflets (1–)2–3 per side, on distal 1/6–1/3(–1/2) of leaf axis; cottony and/or crisped hairs absent or sparse to dense abaxially; epicalyx bractlets: lengths 1/2–1 times sepals, margins revolute or not
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Leaflets: teeth 4–8(–10) per side, margins incised ± 3/4 to midvein, leaving undivided medial blade 2–4(–8) mm wide; epicalyx bractlets equal to length of sepals; widespread.
|[[Potentilla pensylvanica|Potentilla pensylvanica]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Leaflets: teeth 8–12 per side, margins incised ± 1/2 to midvein, leaving undivided medial blade 5–9 mm wide; epicalyx bractlets 1–2 times length of sepals; sandy sites, n Great Plains.
|[[Potentilla lasiodonta|Potentilla lasiodonta]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Inflorescences ± open, (1–)2–5(–9)-flowered; pedicels 0.5–5 cm; leaflet teeth 2–5 per side; Alaska, n Canada, Greenland.
|[[Potentilla pulchella|Potentilla pulchella]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Inflorescences congested, sometimes elongating in fruit, (1–)3–50(–100)-flowered; pedicels 0.2–1(–3) cm; leaflet teeth (2–)3–8 per side; Alaska to Newfoundland, s to California, Colorado, and New Hampshire
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Petals (4–)5–6 × 4.5–5.5 mm, longer than sepals; styles 1.2–1.5 mm; leaflets incised 2/3–3/4 to midvein; stems 0.5–2(–2.5) dm; La Sal Mountains, Utah.
|[[sect. Rubricaules|Potentilla paucijuga (sect. Rubricaules)]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Petals 2–5 × 2–4 mm, ± equal to sepals; styles 0.8–1.2(–1.5) mm; leaflets incised 3/4+ to midvein; stems (0.2–)0.5–5(–6) dm; widespread
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Sepals: glands absent, sparse, or obscured; leaflets usually white abaxially, cottony (and sometimes crisped) hairs ± dense.
|[[Potentilla bipinnatifida|Potentilla bipinnatifida]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Sepals: glands abundant, evident at least distally; leaflets usually green to grayish abaxially, cottony hairs absent, crisped hairs absent or sparse to abundant
|[[#key-0-8| > 8]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Epicalyx bractlets: lengths 2/3–1 times sepals, margins ± revolute (at least in fruit); stems (0.4–)1–4.5(–6) dm; n Atlantic Coast and Hudson Bay across n prairies to n Rocky Mountains; 0–2200 m.
|[[Potentilla litoralis|Potentilla litoralis]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Epicalyx bractlets: lengths 1/2–3/4 times sepals, margins flat; stems (0.2–)0.5–2.6 dm; Great Basin and surrounding mountains; 2500–3700 m.
|[[Potentilla jepsonii|Potentilla jepsonii]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Potentilla sect. Pensylvanicae
|author=Barbara Ertter;Reidar Elven
|authority=Poeverlein in P. F. A. Ascherson et al.
|rank=section
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Multifidae;Potentilla sect. Multifidae;Potentilla ser.
|basionyms=
|family=Rosaceae
|distribution=North America;ne Mexico;Eurasia;n Africa
|reference=None
|publication title=in P. F. A. Ascherson et al., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl.
|publication year=1904
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V9/V9_320.xml
|subfamily=Rosaceae subfam. Rosoideae
|tribe=Rosaceae tribe Potentilleae
|genus=Potentilla
|section=Potentilla sect. Pensylvanicae
|abaxial surface coloration=green;white
|achene relief=smooth;rugose
|adaxial surface coloration=green;grayish
|adaxial surface pubescence=not glaucous
|and/or height or length or size=short
|and/or length or size=long
|and/or pubescence=cottony
|and/or shape=crisped
|and/or; and/or vestiture coloration=not red
|and/or; and/or vestiture presence=absent
|and/or; and/or vestiture quantity=sparse;abundant
|apex shape=truncate;retuse
|cauline leaf quantity=1;4
|flower architecture=5-merous
|gland height or length or size=short
|gland length or size=long
|gland pubescence=cottony
|gland quantity=sparse;abundant
|gland shape=crisped
|hair fragility=stiff;stiff
|hair height or length or size=short
|hair length or size=long;long;long
|hair orientation=spreading;appressed
|hair presence=absent
|hair pubescence=cottony;cottony
|hair pubescence or texture=soft;soft
|hair quantity=sparse to dense
|hair shape=crisped
|hypanthium diameter=2.5mm;10mm
|inflorescence architecture=open;congested to very;cymose;(1-)2-40(-100)-flowered
|leaf axis arrangement=separate;more or less overlapping
|leaf axis position or shape=distal
|leaf axis quantity=1/6;1/2
|leaf axis shape=elliptic;obovate or broadly oblong
|leaf axis shape or vernation=revolute
|leaf margin arrangement=separate;more or less overlapping
|leaf margin position or shape=distal
|leaf margin quantity=1/6;1/2
|leaf margin shape=elliptic;obovate or broadly oblong
|leaf margin shape or vernation=revolute
|leaflet atypical quantity=13;19
|leaflet character=length
|leaflet quantity=1/2;5;13
|leaflet shape=incised
|pedicel atypical some measurement=3cm;5cm
|pedicel course=straight
|pedicel some measurement=0.2cm;3cm
|petal atypical some measurement=5mm;10.5mm
|petal coloration=pale;bright-yellow
|petal height or length or size=shorter
|petal length or size=longer
|petal shape=obovate;obcordate
|petal some measurement=3mm;5mm
|petal variability=+-equal
|primary leaf architecture=pinnate;subpinnate or subpalmate
|primary leaf atypical some measurement=25cm;30cm
|primary leaf some measurement=1.5cm;25cm
|proximal pedicel length or size=often significantly longer
|stamen atypical quantity=15;20
|stamen quantity=20
|stem architecture=not rooting
|stem atypical some measurement=4dm;6dm
|stem length=(1-)1.5-3(-4) times basal leaves
|stem orientation=decumbent;erect
|stem shape=not flagelliform
|stem some measurement=0.5dm;4dm
|style atypical some measurement=1.2mm;1.5mm
|style position=subapical
|style shape=papillate-swollen;conic;columnar
|style some measurement=0.8mm;1.2mm
|taproot size or width=not fleshy-thickened
|tooth atypical quantity=8;12
|tooth quantity=3;8
|whole-organism architecture=not stoloniferous
|whole-organism arrangement or pubescence=tufted
|whole-organism duration=perennial
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Potentilla]]