Rosaceae

Jussieu
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 9. Treatment on page 18. Mentioned on page 10, 19, 20, 21, 23, 24, 27, 28, 57, 74, 75, 119, 312, 345, 346, 347, 352, 383, 384, 385, 386, 390, 392, 399, 412, 414, 422, 424, 427.

Herbs (annual or perennial), shrubs, or trees. Stems simple or branched. Leaves persistent or deciduous, basal and/or cauline, usually alternate, rarely opposite, simple or compound (palmate or imparipinnate); stipules usually present, sometimes absent; petiole present or absent; blade thin to coriaceous, margins ± lobed or unlobed, usually toothed. Inflorescences terminal, sometimes axillary, panicles with terminal flower (that, determinate) or reductions of this: 1-flowered, glomerules, fascicles, spikes, racemes, corymbs, umbels, or cymes. Flowers usually bisexual, rarely unisexual, perianth and androecium perigynous or epigynous; epicalyx bractlet sometimes present; hypanthium flat to hemispheric, or cylindric to funnelform or urceolate; sepals (0–) 4 or 5 (–10), distinct, free; petals (0–) 4 or 5 (–12, rarely more in double ornamentals), distinct, free; nectar disc sometimes absent; stamens 0–130 (–220), distinct, free, anthers usually longitudinally dehiscent; torus well developed, inconspicuous, or absent; pistils 1–250 (–450), distinct or ± connate, free or ± adnate to hypanthium, ovary superior or inferior (then 2–5-carpellate and locular and ± connate with axile placentation), styles terminal, subterminal, lateral, or ± basal, sometimes basally connate, stigmas usually capitate; ovules 1 or 2 (–5+), basal, marginal, or apical, collateral, superposed, biseriate, or clustered, integuments 2, crassinucellate, with or without obturator. Fruits achenes aggregated or not, follicles aggregated or not, drupes aggregated or not, aggregated nutlets, pomes, aggregated drupelets, or capsules; sometimes involving accessory organs, for example, hypanthium, torus. Seeds 1 or 2 (–12+), not arillate.

Distribution

North America, Mexico, West Indies, Bermuda, Central America, South America, Eurasia, Africa, Atlantic Islands, Indian Ocean Islands, Pacific Islands (Hawaii), Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia

Discussion

Genera 88, species ca. 3000 (68 genera, 680 species, including 22 hybrids, in the flora).

Three subfamilies and 16 tribes are recognized for the family with representatives of all tribes found in the flora area.

Rosaceae grow most commonly in north-temperate regions and are more or less absent from hot deserts and high-rainfall, low-altitude tropics. The family is large and diverse, characterized by radially symmetric flowers with a fundamentally saucer-shaped hypanthium and peripheral calyx, corolla, androecium, and, usually, superior gynoecium. Considerable variation occurs in important details of flower and fruit, this enhanced by a very adaptable hypanthium, which is discussed in more detail below.

Rosaceous inflorescences vary in the number of flowers from one to about 500. A great variation occurs also in inflorescence form, though a pattern is perceived when they are viewed as reduction series from a terminal, determinate panicle that is fundamentally bracteate, thus generating a range of panicles, racemes, corymbs, cymes, solitary flowers, or other forms. In this treatment, appendages on the inflorescence are distinguished by the terms bract and bracteole. Bract is used for the larger, laminate, usually chlorophyllous leaf homologues that subtend axes and may be indistinguishable from foliage leaves. Bracteoles are scalelike, often membranous, often caducous, and of uncertain homology, in part due to not being restricted to axis-subtending positions.

The floral architecture in Rosaceae is radially symmetric around a disc-shaped to urceolate hypanthium. Flowers normally have a four- or five-merous corolla and calyx; great variation is found in the numbers of stamens and carpels. Pollination is usually entomophilous, the flowers having normally green sepals and showy, often more or less clawed, usually white, yellow, or pink, less commonly red or green, petals. The flowers in some genera are relatively small and anemophilous and may lack one or two of the principal whorls. An unusual feature of some rosaceous flowers is the torus, a pad of receptacular, usually spongy, tissue, sometimes relatively large, in the center of the hypanthium that, when present, bears the gynoecium. Another unusual feature of some genera is an epicalyx that comprises a ring of sepaloid bractlets, usually of the same number as sepals, which is located on the hypanthium proximal to the calyx.

Fruit types are particularly significant both in rosaceous identification, taxonomy, and diversity, as well as for successful dispersal. Fruit in Rosaceae may be either dry, then dehiscent or not, or succulent and indehiscent; it sometimes involves accessory organs such as the torus or a persistent hypanthium.

Dry indehiscent fruits are achenaceous, in certain cases involving modifications to the style. In anemochorous (adapted for dispersal by wind) situations, this may involve a plumose style, for example, Cercocarpus; in epizoochorous (distributed on the outside of animals) cases, the styles may bear stiff hairs or barbs, for example, Geum. Alternatively, achenaceous fruits may lack styles (sometimes due to abscission) or, more commonly, have a relatively short one, for example, Potentilla. In situations where there appears to be no significant post-flowering function for the style, dispersal may be myrmecochorous (by ants), anemochorous, or in the rare torus-borne cases (for example, Fragaria), the fruit may be endozoochorous (eaten by animals and passed through the gut). Sometimes, fruits with such styles are aggregated in acheneta that rely on barbed, persistent hypanthia for epizoochorous dispersion, for example, Acaena and Agrimonia. Dry dehiscent fruits are follicular with seeds normally distributed by air after splitting of the ripe follicle, for example, Gillenia.

Succulent, endozoochorous fruits exhibit a similar range of variation. The most common types are: multiple drupelets on the surface of a more or less conic torus (for example, Rubus); individual and sometimes large drupes on a flat receptacular apex (Prunus); pomes, which are berrylike fruits in which a fleshy hypanthium more or less completely surrounds and is generally more or less fully adnate to the carpels (for example, Amelanchier, Crataegus). The result is that a terminal orifice may remain open, often bearing floral remnants around its rim. Pomes with hard pyrenes are sometimes distinguished as polypyrenous drupes, a term not used in this treatment due to antonymic confusion caused by combining the roots for pyrene (hardened mesocarp) and drupe (fleshy mesocarp), although the relevant distinction is well recognized (J. Rohrer et al. 1991).

Some important temperate fruits are members of the Rosaceae: apples (Malus), pears (Pyrus), almonds, apricots, cherries, peaches, and plums (Prunus), blackberries and raspberries (Rubus), strawberries (Fragaria), loquat (Eriobotrya); minor fruits include those of Amelanchier, Crataegus, Cydonia, Mespilus, and others. Some genera are popular in ornamental horticulture in North America, for example, most of the above as well as, especially, Chaenomeles, Cotoneaster, Pyracantha, Rhaphiolepis Lindley, Sorbus, Photinia, Physocarpus, Rosa, and Spiraea among trees and shrubs; and Filipendula, Geum, Potentilla, and Spiraea among plants suitable for flower borders.

Apomixis is a feature of some rosaceous genera and may make taxonomic decisions difficult or equivocal in genera such as Alchemilla, Amelanchier, Crataegus, Rubus, and others. Apomixis always seems to be associated with polyploidy and often with hybridization; in some apomictic genera, sexual species and apomicts are facultatively sexual.

Rosaceae lack alkaloids and blue anthocyanic pigments. Some have foliage or seed that becomes toxic due to hydrolysis of benzaldehyde cyanohydrins.

The great diversity of Rosaceae reflects the age of the family (since at least the mid Eocene) and its evolutionary success. The family has needed no fundamental change in circumscription since Jussieu first recognized it, the sometimes included outgroups, for example, Chrysobalanaceae, Neuradaceae, already being confidently excluded in more recent pre-molecular classifications, while segregate families (for example, Malaceae) have received little currency. This reflects a lack both of close neighbors and of large internal discontinuities. Species limits are often debatable, especially where apomixis is present; generic limits are much more fixed, apart from the familiar historic trend to recognizing smaller, more discrete units. What has principally been fluid in rosaceous taxonomy until modern molecular research are the phylogenetic relationships, both to neighboring families and within the family. Rosales once contained families such as Crassulaceae and Saxifragaceae, which have many morphological similarities to Rosaceae, but Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2003) indicated instead that in Rosales, Rosaceae is sister to a group of families including Moraceae, Rhamnaceae, Ulmaceae, and Urticaceae.

The internal relationships of Rosaceae have received much study, including morphological, anatomical, cytological, phytochemical, breeding system, fungal pathogenicity (especially rusts), and molecular. Among these studies, that of D. Potter et al. (2007) resulted in the first comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Rosaceae, and the treatment in this volume reflects it. Potter et al. recognized three subfamilies with 15 tribes worldwide. Their classification used the ranks supertribe and subtribe, not used here. The subfam. Dryadoideae, with one tribe and four genera, diverged early and is unique in Rosaceae for its actinorhizal symbiosis; it has achenaceous fruits. Subfamily Rosoideae has six tribes and 29 genera and is only slightly altered from its traditional circumscription by shedding Dryadoideae and three small genera. Most Rosoideae have achenaceous fruit; some have multiple drupelets or achenes borne on a torus. The remainders of Rosaceae are found in the large and heterogeneous subfam. Amygdaloideae of nine tribes and 54 genera. This subfamily has the largest diversity of fruit types. Amygdaloideae now contains the traditional spiraeoid genera with follicular fruit, Maleae with pome fruit, and Amygdaleae with drupaceous fruit.

Key to Subfamilies and Tribes of Rosaceae

Selected References

None.

Illustrations

 Family TaxonIllustrator 
FNA9 P10 Rosa woodsii subsp woodsii.jpegRosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosa woodsii subsp. woodsii
Rosa woodsii subsp. manca
Rosa woodsii subsp. arizonica
Rosa woodsii subsp. ultramontana
John Myers
John Myers
John Myers
John Myers
FNA9 P11 Rosa pisocarpa subsp pisocarpa.jpegRosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosa pisocarpa subsp. pisocarpa
Rosa californica
Rosa nutkana subsp. nutkana
Rosa nutkana subsp. macdougalii
Rosa nutkana subsp. melina
John Myers
John Myers
John Myers
John Myers
John Myers
FNA9 P12 Rosa acicularis subsp sayi.jpegRosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosa acicularis subsp. sayi
Rosa gymnocarpa var. gymnocarpa
Rosa pinetorum
Rosa spithamea
Rosa bridgesii
John Myers
John Myers
John Myers
John Myers
John Myers
FNA9 P13 Potentilla anserina.jpegRosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Potentilla anserina subsp. yukonensis
Potentilla anserina subsp. pacifica
Potentilla anserina subsp. groenlandica
Potentilla biflora
Potentilla newberryi
Potentilla supina subsp. paradoxa
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
FNA9 P14 Potentilla recta.jpegRosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Potentilla recta
Potentilla stipularis
Potentilla glaucophylla var. glaucophylla
Potentilla townsendii
Potentilla gracilis var. elmeri
Potentilla hippiana
Potentilla effusa var. effusa
Potentilla crinita
Potentilla subjuga
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
FNA9 P15 Potentilla plattensis.jpegRosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Potentilla plattensis
Potentilla millefolia
Potentilla concinna var. proxima
Potentilla bicrenata
Potentilla multisecta
Potentilla subviscosa var. subviscosa
Potentilla nana
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
FNA9 P16 Potentilla hyparctica subsp hyparctica.jpegRosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Potentilla hyparctica subsp. hyparctica
Potentilla elegans
Potentilla crebridens subsp. hemicryophila
Potentilla nivea
Potentilla villosa
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
FNA9 P17 Potentilla subvahliana.jpegRosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Potentilla subvahliana
Potentilla pensylvanica
Potentilla bimundorum
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
FNA9 P18 Ivesia arizonica var arizonica.jpegRosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Ivesia arizonica var. arizonica
Ivesia gordonii var. gordonii
Ivesia kingii var. kingii
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
FNA9 P19 Ivesia sabulosa.jpegRosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Ivesia sabulosa
Ivesia santolinoides
Horkelia californica var. californica
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
FNA9 P20 Horkelia fusca var parviflora.jpegRosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Horkelia fusca var. parviflora
Horkelia howellii
Horkeliella purpurascens
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
FNA9 P21 Duchesnea indica var indica.jpegRosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Duchesnea indica var. indica
Fragaria vesca subsp. americana
Fragaria virginiana subsp. virginiana
Chamaerhodos erecta
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
FNA9 P22 Drymocallis fissa.jpegRosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Drymocallis fissa
Drymocallis glandulosa var. glandulosa
Drymocallis glandulosa var. wrangelliana
Drymocallis glandulosa var. viscida
Drymocallis rhomboidea
Drymocallis cuneifolia var. ewanii
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
FNA9 P23 Dasiphora fruticosa.jpegRosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Dasiphora fruticosa
Sibbaldia procumbens
Sibbaldiopsis tridentata
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
FNA9 P24 Comarum palustre.jpegRosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Comarum palustre
Alchemilla filicaulis subsp. vestita
Aphanes occidentalis
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
FNA9 P25 Agrimonia parviflora.jpegRosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Agrimonia parviflora
Agrimonia incisa
Agrimonia microcarpa
Agrimonia pubescens
Agrimonia rostellata
Agrimonia gryposepala
Agrimonia striata
Poterium sanguisorba var. polygamum
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
FNA9 P26 Poteridium annuum.jpegRosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Poteridium annuum
Sanguisorba canadensis
Acaena pinnatifida
Acaena novae-zelandiae
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
FNA9 P27 Dryas ajanensis subsp beringensis.jpegRosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Dryas ajanensis subsp. beringensis
Dryas integrifolia subsp. integrifolia
Cercocarpus betuloides var. betuloides
Purshia tridentata var. tridentata
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
FNA9 P28 Chamaebatia foliolosa.jpegRosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Chamaebatia foliolosa
Lyonothamnus floribundus
Physocarpus opulifolius
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
FNA9 P29 Neillia incisa.jpegRosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Neillia incisa
Prunus ilicifolia var. ilicifolia
Prunus pensylvanica
Prunus ilicifolia var. integrifolia
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
FNA9 P3 Filipendula rubra.jpegRosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Filipendula rubra
Rubus allegheniensis
Rubus hispidus
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
FNA9 P30 Prunus eremophila.jpegRosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Prunus eremophila
Prunus pumila var. besseyi
Prunus maritima
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
FNA9 P31 Prunus hortulana.jpegRosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Prunus hortulana
Exochorda racemosa
Oemleria cerasiformis
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
FNA9 P32 Rhodotypos scandens.jpegRosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Rhodotypos scandens
Neviusia alabamensis
Kerria japonica
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
FNA9 P33 Coleogyne ramosissima.jpegRosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Coleogyne ramosissima
Adenostoma fasciculatum var. fasciculatum
Chamaebatiaria millefolium
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
FNA9 P34 Sorbaria sorbifolia.jpegRosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Sorbaria sorbifolia
Spiraea alba var. alba
Spiraea tomentosa var. tomentosa
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
FNA9 P35 Spiraea douglasii var douglasii.jpegRosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Spiraea douglasii var. douglasii
Petrophytum caespitosum subsp. caespitosum
Kelseya uniflora
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
FNA9 P36 Holodiscus discolor var discolor.jpegRosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Holodiscus discolor var. discolor
Luetkea pectinata
Aruncus dioicus var. dioicus
Aruncus dioicus var. acuminatus
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
FNA9 P37 Gillenia stipulata.jpegRosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Gillenia stipulata
Vauquelinia californica subsp. californica
Eriobotrya japonica
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
FNA9 P38 Sorbus americana.jpegRosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Sorbus americana
Sorbus decora
Aronia melanocarpa
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
FNA9 P39 Heteromeles arbutifolia.jpegRosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Heteromeles arbutifolia
Cotoneaster pannosus
Cotoneaster simonsii
Cotoneaster atropurpureus
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
FNA9 P4 Rubus occidentalis.jpegRosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Rubus occidentalis
Rubus odoratus
Rubus pubescens
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
FNA9 P40 Cotoneaster divaricatus.jpegRosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Cotoneaster divaricatus
Cotoneaster horizontalis
Cotoneaster lucidus
Cotoneaster franchetii
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
FNA9 P41 Pyracantha coccinea.jpegRosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Pyracantha coccinea
Malus ioensis
Pyrus communis
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
FNA9 P42 Chaenomeles speciosa.jpegRosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Chaenomeles speciosa
Cydonia oblonga
Pseudocydonia sinensis
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
FNA9 P43 Photinia serratifolia.jpegRosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Photinia serratifolia
Photinia davidiana var. davidiana
Crataegus spathulata
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
FNA9 P44 Crataegus brachyacantha.jpegRosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Crataegus brachyacantha
Crataegus okanaganensis var. okanaganensis
Crataegus cupressocollina
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
FNA9 P45 Crataegus rivularis.jpegRosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Crataegus rivularis
Crataegus douglasii
Crataegus macracantha
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
FNA9 P46 Crataegus viridis var viridis.jpegRosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Crataegus viridis var. viridis
Crataegus viridis var. ovata
Crataegus reverchonii var. reverchonii
Crataegus punctata
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
FNA9 P47 Crataegus opaca.jpegRosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Crataegus opaca
Crataegus mollis var. mollis
Crataegus schuettei var. schuettei
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
FNA9 P48 Crataegus pruinosa var pruinosa.jpegRosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Crataegus biltmoreana
Crataegus pruinosa var. pruinosa
Crataegus mendosa
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
FNA9 P49 Crataegus dodgei.jpegRosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Crataegus dodgei
Crataegus uniflora
Crataegus triflora
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
FNA9 P5 Rubus repens.jpegRosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Rubus repens
Sieversia pentapetala
Geum triflorum var. triflorum
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
FNA9 P50 Crataegus mira.jpegRosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Crataegus mira
Crataegus ignava
Crataegus egens
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
FNA9 P51 Crataegus crocea.jpegRosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Crataegus crocea
Crataegus floridana
Crataegus lassa
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
FNA9 P52 Mespilus germanica.jpegRosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Mespilus germanica
Malacomeles denticulata
Amelanchier utahensis
Barbara Alongi
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
FNA9 P53 Amelanchier sanguinea.jpegRosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Amelanchier sanguinea
Amelanchier nantucketensis
Amelanchier laevis
Peraphyllum ramosissimum
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
FNA9 P6 Geum aleppicum.jpegRosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Geum vernum
Waldsteinia fragarioides
Waldsteinia parviflora
Geum aleppicum
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
Marjorie C. Leggitt
FNA9 P7 Fallugia paradoxa.jpegRosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Fallugia paradoxa
Rosa minutifolia
Rosa stellata subsp. stellata
Rosa setigera
Marjorie C. Leggitt
John Myers
John Myers
John Myers
FNA9 P8 Rosa multiflora.jpegRosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosa multiflora
Rosa bracteata
Rosa laevigata
Rosa canina
Rosa palustris
Rosa virginiana
John Myers
John Myers
John Myers
John Myers
John Myers
John Myers
... further results

Key

Key to Subfamilies and Tribes of Rosaceae (Luc Brouillet)

1 Leaves simple, sometimes pinnately, rarely palmately compound, stipules deciduous or absent, rarely persistent, if pinnately compound and stipules persistent, then fruits follicles (rarely achenes); flowers: perianth and androecium perigynous or epigynous, tori absent or minute; ovules 2+ (rarely 1, sometimes by abortion); fruits usually aggregated follicles or drupes or nutlets, pomes, ± woody capsules, follicles, or drupes, rarely achenes [c. Rosaceae subfam. Amygdaloideae, p. xxx] > 2
1 Leaves pinnately, sometimes palmately, compound, sometimes simple, stipules persistent and adnate to petioles, sometimes deciduous and free, rarely absent; flowers: perianth and androecium perigynous, tori enlarged, sometimes small or absent; ovules 1(or 2, then fruits achenes or drupes); fruits achenes, or aggregated drupelets or achenes (within fleshy, urn-shaped hypanthia [hips] in Roseae) > 10
2 Leaves opposite; carpels 2(or 3), distinct, free; fruits aggregated follicles Lyonothamneae
2 Leaves alternate, rarely opposite; carpels 1–8, distinct or connate, free or ± adnate to hypanthium; fruits achenes, drupes, aggregated achenes, drupes, nutlets, or follicles, or capsules or pomes > 3
3 Shrubs or herbs; stipules present; leaves pinnately compound, rarely simple > 4
3 Trees or shrubs, rarely herbs (then stipules absent); stipules present or absent; leaves simple, rarely pinnately compound (then herbs or trees) > 5
4 Shrubs; carpels 1–5, basally connate or distinct Sorbarieae
4 Herbs; carpels 5, basally connate Gillenieae
5 Carpels 1; fruits drupes Amygdaleae
5 Carpels 1–5; fruits achenes, aggregated drupes, aggregated nutlets, aggregated follicles, capsules, or pomes > 6
6 Flowers: perianth and androecium epigynous (perigynous in Vauquelinia); carpels ± connate or distinct, adnate to hypanthium (free in Vauquelinia); fruits pomes or woody capsules (surrounded by persistent hypanthia and splitting into 5 follicles Vauquelinia) Maleae
6 Flowers: perianth and androecium perigynous; carpels distinct, sometimes ± connate, free or rarely adnate to hypanthium base; fruits achenes, aggregated follicles, aggregated nutlets, aggregated drupes, or capsules splitting into 5 follicles (not surrounded by hypanthia) > 7
7 Shrubs; leaf venation palmate (stipules present); carpels basally connate Neillieae
7 Shrubs, sometimes subshrubs, trees, or herbs; leaf venation pinnate (sometimes palmate in Spiraeeae, then stipules absent); carpels distinct (sometimes connate in Exochordeae) > 8
8 Fruits capsules or aggregated drupes Exochordeae
8 Fruits aggregated follicles or nutlets, or achenes > 9
9 Shrubs; stipules persistent or deciduous; leaves alternate or opposite; carpels 2–8 or 1 (in Coleogyne); ovules 1 or 2, marginal; fruits achenes or aggregated nutlets Kerrieae
9 Shrubs, subshrubs, or herbs; stipules absent; leaves alternate; carpels 3–5(or 6); ovules 2–5, apical; fruits aggregated follicles or achenes (in Holodiscus) Spiraeeae
10 Shrubs or trees, unarmed; leaves simple, sometimes pinnately compound; styles persistent, elongate in fruit [b. Rosaceae subfam. Dryadoideae] Dryadeae
10 Herbs, shrubs, or subshrubs, these sometimes armed; leaves pinnately or palmately compound, rarely simple; styles deciduous, if persistent in fruit, then either not elongate, or rarely elongate (in Colurieae) [a. Rosaceae subfam. Rosoideae] > 11
11 Shrubs or subshrubs > 12
11 Herbs > 15
12 Hypanthia ovoid, oblong, globose to cupulate or urceolate, rarely obovoid or hemispheric, tori absent (conic if present); fruits aggregated achenes within hypanthium (hips) Roseae
12 Hypanthia saucer-, cup-, or funnel-shaped, hemsipheric to flat, or obconic to obcampanulate, tori enlarged; fruits achenes, or aggregated achenes or drupelets > 13
13 Plants armed, sometimes unarmed; stipules free or adnate to petiole base; fruits aggregated drupelets… Rubeae
13 Plants unarmed; stipules absent or ± free or ± adnate to petiole; fruits aggregated achenes, sometimes achenes > 14
14 Epicalyx bractlets absent, sometimes present; styles terminal, sometimes subterminal, elongate in fruit Colurieae
14 Epicalyx bractlets present, sometimes absent; styles basal or lateral to subterminal, not elongate in fruit Potentilleae
15 Leaves pinnately compound, sometimes simple with palmate venation; stipules free; fruits aggregated drupelets; ovules 2, collateral Rubeae
15 Leaves pinnately or palmately compound, rarely simple with pinnate or palmate venation; stipules adnate to petiole, sometimes free; fruits achenes or aggregated achenes; ovules 1, if 2 then superposed > 16
16 Tori inconspicuous or absent, sometimes enlarged in fruit; carpels 1–12 > 17
16 Tori usually enlarged; carpels 1–260(–450) > 18
17 Ovules 2; fruits aggregated achenes, not enveloped by hypanthia; tori enlarged in fruit Ulmarieae
17 Ovules 1; fruits achenes, enclosed within enlarged, often hardened, hypanthia; tori not enlarged in fruit Agrimonieae
18 Epicalyx bractlets absent, sometimes present; styles terminal, sometimes subterminal, elongate in fruit Colurieae
18 Epicalyx bractlets present, sometimes absent; styles basal or lateral to subterminal, not elongate in fruit Potentilleae

"thin" is not a number.

... more about "Rosaceae"
epigynous +  and perigynous +
James B. Phipps +  and Luc Brouillet +
Jussieu +
compound +  and simple +
opposite +  and alternate +
coriaceous +
North America +, Mexico +, West Indies +, Bermuda +, Central America +, South America +, Eurasia +, Africa +, Atlantic Islands +, Indian Ocean Islands +, Pacific Islands (Hawaii) +, Pacific Islands (New Zealand) +  and Australia +
not +  and aggregated +
unisexual +  and bisexual +
not +  and aggregated +
not +  and aggregated +
flat +  and hemispheric or cylindric +
crassinucellate +
deciduous +  and persistent +
toothed +, unlobed +  and lobed +
inferior +  and superior +
clustered +, biseriate +  and superposed +
collateral +, apical +, marginal +  and basal +
2 +  and 1 +
epigynous +  and perigynous +
0 (?) +  and 4 (?) +
free +  and distinct +
5 +  and 4 +
adnate +, free +, connate +  and distinct +
not arillate +
free +  and distinct +
free +  and distinct +
branched +  and simple +
basal +, lateral +, subterminal +  and terminal +
Rosaceae +
inconspicuous +
tree +, shrub +  and herb +