View source for Saussurea

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Saussurea
|accepted_authority=de Candolle
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat.
|place=16: 156, 196, plates 10–13. 1810
|year=1810
}}
|common_names=Saw-wort
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Cardueae;Saussurea
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Cardueae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Saussurea]]</div></div>
|etymology=For Nicolas Théodore (1767–1845) and Horace Bénédict (1740–1799) de Saussure, Swiss naturalists
|volume=Volume 19
|mention_page=page 58, 83
|treatment_page=page 165
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole-organism some measurement;whole-organism duration"><b>Perennials,</b> 5–120+ cm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="herbage pubescence;herbage pubescence;herbage architecture or shape">herbage tomentose or glabrescent, not spiny.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="stem orientation;stem orientation;stem architecture;stem architecture"><b>Stems </b>erect or ascending, simple or branched.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaf position;leaf position;leaf architecture;leaf architecture"><b>Leaves </b>basal or cauline (sometimes cauline only), sessile or petiolate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="blade margin architecture or shape;blade margin architecture or shape;face pubescence;face architecture;face architecture">blade margins entire or dentate to pinnately lobed, faces glabrous to densely tomentose, glandular or eglandular.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="head architecture or shape;head arrangement;head arrangement;array architecture"><b>Heads </b>discoid, borne singly or in corymbiform arrays.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="involucre shape"><b>Involucres </b>ovoid to campanulate or ± turbinate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="phyllary quantity;phyllary fixation or orientation;phyllary fixation or orientation;phyllary shape;series atypical quantity;series quantity;series size;margin shape;margin shape;margin shape;margin shape;margin shape;apex shape;apex shape;apex architecture;apex architecture;apex architecture or shape"><b>Phyllaries </b>many in 3–5 (–10+) series, subequal to strongly unequal, appressed or not, ovate to lanceolate, margins entire, toothed, or lobed, apices obtuse or acute, appendaged or not, not spine-tipped.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="receptacle shape;receptacle shape;receptacle architecture;receptacle architecture or pubescence or relief;receptacle architecture or pubescence;receptacle pubescence;receptacle architecture"><b>Receptacles </b>flat or convex, epaleate, smooth, usually subulate-scaly, sometimes bristly or naked.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="floret quantity"><b>Florets </b>10–20;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="corolla coloration;tube size;tube size;lobe arrangement or course or shape">corollas white to blue or purple, tubes slender, abruptly expanded to throats, lobes linear;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="anther base shape;apical appendage arrangement or course or shape;apical appendage shape">anther bases short-tailed, apical appendages linear, acute;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="portion fusion;subterminal node pubescence;portion fusion;portion shape;portion relief">style-branches: fused portions with minutely hairy subterminal nodes, distinct portions oblong to linear, short-papillate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="cypsela shape;cypsela shape;cypsela shape;cypsela shape;rib relief;rib relief;apex architecture or shape;apex pubescence;apex pubescence;attachment scar position"><b>Cypselae </b>oblong, ± angled, cylindric or 4–5-angled, ribs (when present) smooth or roughened, apices entire, glabrous or minutely glandular, attachment scars basal;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="series quantity;bristle life cycle;bristle height or length or size;bristle fusion;bristle length or size;bristle shape">pappi usually of 2 series, outer of readily falling, short bristles, inner persistent or falling as unit, of basally connate, usually longer, plumose bristles.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="inner series duration;inner series life cycle;x chromosome quantity;x chromosome quantity;x chromosome quantity;x chromosome quantity;x chromosome quantity;x chromosome quantity">x = 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19?.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America;Eurasia;1 in Australia
|discussion=<p>Species 300–400 (6 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Saussurea is a notoriously difficult, largely Asiatic genus with species boundaries often indistinct.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=lipschitz1979a
|text=Lipschitz, S. J. 1979. Rod Saussurea DC. (Asteraceae). Leningrad.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Outer and mid phyllaries with toothed or lobed appendages
|[[Saussurea amara|Saussurea amara]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Outer and mid phyllaries entire, without appendages
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Proximal leaves ovate to lanceolate, usually more than 30 mm wide, bases broadly obtuse to truncate or cordate; plants 30–120 cm
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Proximal leaves linear to elliptic, 2–25 mm wide, bases acute to acuminate; plants 3–40 cm
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Cauline leaves usually more than 20, finely to ± coarsely serrate or dentate; s Alaska and Yukon to California, Idaho, and Montana
|[[Saussurea americana|Saussurea americana]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Cauline leaves usually 15 or fewer, coarsely laciniate-dentate; nw Alaska
|[[Saussurea triangulata|Saussurea triangulata]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Phyllaries subequal, linear to lanceolate; receptacles naked
|[[Saussurea nuda|Saussurea nuda]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Phyllaries strongly unequal, the outer ovate to lanceolate, conspicuously shorter than inner; receptacles scaly
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Tips of outer and mid phyllaries acute; Alaska and nw Canada
|[[Saussurea angustifolia|Saussurea angustifolia]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Tips of outer and mid phyllaries ± rounded; Rocky Mountains
|[[Saussurea weberi|Saussurea weberi]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Saussurea
|author=David J. Keil
|authority=de Candolle
|rank=genus
|parent rank=tribe
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Asteraceae
|distribution=North America;Eurasia;1 in Australia
|reference=lipschitz1979a
|publication title=Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat.
|publication year=1810
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V19-20-21/V19_172.xml
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Cardueae
|genus=Saussurea
|anther base shape=short-tailed
|apex architecture=not;appendaged
|apex architecture or shape=entire;not spine-tipped
|apex pubescence=glandular;glabrous
|apex shape=acute;obtuse
|apical appendage arrangement or course or shape=linear
|apical appendage shape=acute
|array architecture=corymbiform
|attachment scar position=basal
|blade margin architecture or shape=dentate to pinnately lobed;entire
|bristle fusion=connate
|bristle height or length or size=short
|bristle length or size=longer
|bristle life cycle=falling
|bristle shape=plumose
|corolla coloration=white;blue or purple
|cypsela shape=4-5-angled;cylindric;angled;oblong
|face architecture=eglandular;glandular
|face pubescence=glabrous;densely tomentose
|floret quantity=10;20
|head architecture or shape=discoid
|head arrangement=in corymbiform arrays;singly
|herbage architecture or shape=not spiny
|herbage pubescence=glabrescent;tomentose
|inner series duration=persistent
|inner series life cycle=falling
|involucre shape=ovoid;campanulate or more or less turbinate
|leaf architecture=petiolate;sessile
|leaf position=cauline;basal
|lobe arrangement or course or shape=linear
|margin shape=lobed;toothed;lobed;toothed;entire
|phyllary fixation or orientation=not;appressed
|phyllary quantity=many
|phyllary shape=ovate;lanceolate
|portion fusion=distinct;fused
|portion relief=short-papillate
|portion shape=oblong;linear
|receptacle architecture=naked;epaleate
|receptacle architecture or pubescence=subulate-scaly
|receptacle architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth
|receptacle pubescence=bristly
|receptacle shape=convex;flat
|rib relief=roughened;smooth
|series atypical quantity=5;10
|series quantity=2;3;5
|series size=subequal;strongly unequal
|stem architecture=branched;simple
|stem orientation=ascending;erect
|subterminal node pubescence=hairy
|tube size=expanded;slender
|whole-organism duration=perennial
|whole-organism some measurement=5cm;120cm
|x chromosome quantity=19;18;17;16;14;13
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Asteraceae tribe Cardueae]]