View source for Scolymus

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Scolymus
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=2: 813. 1753
|year=1753
}}, {{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gen. Pl. ed.
|place=5, 355. 1754
|year=1754
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Cichorieae;Scolymus
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Cichorieae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Scolymus]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek skolymus, a kind of thistle or artichoke; allusion unclear, perhaps for perceived similarity to Cynara, globe artichoke
|volume=Volume 19
|mention_page=page 214, 217, 218
|treatment_page=page 220
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole-organism duration"><b>Annuals,</b> biennials, or perennials, 10–80 (–200+) cm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="whole-organism atypical some measurement;whole-organism some measurement;whole-organism architecture;whole-organism duration;whole-organism atypical some measurement;whole-organism some measurement;whole-organism architecture;whole-organism duration">taprooted.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="stem quantity;stem orientation;stem architecture;stem pubescence;stem pubescence"><b>Stems </b>usually 1, erect, branched distally, glabrous or hairy (internodes winged, margins spiny, faces ± scabrellous and/or sparsely arachnose).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaf position;leaf position"><b>Leaves </b>basal and cauline (mostly cauline at flowering);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="basal leaf architecture;distal leaf architecture">basal ± petiolate, distal sessile;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="blade shape;margin shape;margin shape;margin architecture or shape">blades oblong or lanceolate to oblanceolate or linear, margins pinnately lobed to dentate, usually strongly spiny (faces ± scabrellous and/or sparsely arachnose).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="head arrangement;head arrangement"><b>Heads </b>borne singly (axillary and terminal) or in ± spiciform arrays.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="peduncle presence"><b>Peduncles </b>usually 0 (heads in axils of ± foliaceous bracts; if peduncles produced, not inflated, strongly bracteate).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="calyculus presence"><b>Calyculi </b>0.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties=""><b>Involucres </b>campanulate to urceolate, 8–12 [–16] mm diam.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="involucre shape;involucre diameter;involucre diameter">(larger in fruit).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="phyllary quantity;phyllary shape;phyllary size;series quantity;margin texture;apex architecture or shape"><b>Phyllaries </b>24–30+ in 3+ series, lanceolate to lance-linear (± flat proximally), unequal to subequal, margins little, if at all, scarious, apices spine-tipped.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="receptacle shape;receptacle architecture or pubescence or relief;receptacle pubescence;receptacle architecture"><b>Receptacles </b>conic to hemispheric, smooth, glabrous, paleate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="palea architecture">paleae winged (each palea enfolding, adnate to, and shed with cypsela).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="floret quantity"><b>Florets </b>30–60+;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="corolla coloration">corollas yellow.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="cypsela coloration;cypsela shape;cypsela shape;cypsela architecture or shape;rib presence;rib pubescence"><b>Cypselae </b>(each shed with its enfolding palea) brownish, obcompressed, ± obovoid, not beaked, ribs 0, glabrous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="pappus presence;pappus duration;pappus shape;scale atypical quantity;scale quantity;scale coloration;scale size;scale shape;scale quantity;series quantity">pappi 0 or persistent (fragile), of 2–4 [–5] whitish to stramineous, subequal, setiform-aristate scales plus 0–4 muticous to lanceolate scales in ± 1 series.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="x chromosome quantity">x = 10.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Europe;Middle East;n Africa;Atlantic Islands
|introduced=true
|discussion=<p>Species 3 (2 in the flora).</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Annuals; margins of stem wings and leaf blades usually white and thickened; pappi 0.
|[[Scolymus maculatus|Scolymus maculatus]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Biennials or perennials; margins of stem wings and leaf blades little, if at all, white or thickened; pappi of 2–4 setiform-aristate scales plus 0–4 muticous to lanceolate scales.
|[[Scolymus hispanicus|Scolymus hispanicus]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Scolymus
|author=John L. Strother
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=tribe
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Asteraceae
|illustrator=Marjorie C. Leggitt
|illustration copyright=Flora of North America Association
|distribution=Europe;Middle East;n Africa;Atlantic Islands
|introduced=true
|reference=None
|publication title=Sp. Pl.;Gen. Pl. ed.
|publication year=1753;1754
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V19-20-21/V19_269.xml
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Cichorieae
|genus=Scolymus
|apex architecture or shape=spine-tipped
|basal leaf architecture=petiolate
|blade shape=lanceolate;oblanceolate or linear
|calyculus presence=absent
|corolla coloration=yellow
|cypsela architecture or shape=not beaked
|cypsela coloration=brownish
|cypsela shape=obovoid;obcompressed
|distal leaf architecture=sessile
|floret quantity=30;60
|head arrangement=in more or less spiciform arrays;singly
|involucre diameter=8mm;12mm
|involucre shape=campanulate;urceolate
|leaf position=cauline;basal
|margin architecture or shape=spiny
|margin shape=lobed to dentate;lobed
|margin texture=scarious
|palea architecture=winged
|pappus duration=persistent
|pappus presence=absent
|pappus shape=muticous;lanceolate
|peduncle presence=absent
|phyllary quantity=24;30
|phyllary shape=lanceolate;lance-linear
|phyllary size=unequal;subequal
|receptacle architecture=paleate
|receptacle architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth
|receptacle pubescence=glabrous
|receptacle shape=conic;hemispheric
|rib presence=absent
|rib pubescence=glabrous
|scale atypical quantity=4;5
|scale coloration=whitish;stramineous
|scale quantity=0;4
|scale shape=setiform-aristate
|scale size=subequal
|series quantity=1
|stem architecture=branched
|stem orientation=erect
|stem pubescence=hairy;glabrous
|stem quantity=1
|whole-organism architecture=taprooted;taprooted
|whole-organism atypical some measurement=80cm;200cm
|whole-organism duration=perennial;biennial;annual
|whole-organism some measurement=10cm;80cm
|x chromosome quantity=10
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Asteraceae tribe Cichorieae]]