the choice of either; no new combinations have been made. Beilstein, M. A. and M. D. Windham. 2003. A phylogenetic analysis of western North American Draba
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spiciform arrays, sometimes borne singly or in subcapitate clusters. Calyculi 0. Phyllaries persistent or falling, usually in 3–5+ series, distinct, unequal
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Opuntioideae), pyriform, obovoid, lenticular-reniform, or nearly circular, 0.4–12 mm diam.; testa glossy or dull; rarely with corky arillate appendages (strophioles
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Majesty's Stationery Office, London, England. 389 pp. Columbus, J.T., M.S. Kinney, R. Pant and M.E. Siqueiros Delgado. 1998. Cladistic parsimonv analysis of internal
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1–2-flowered heads in Lagascea). Calyculi 0. Involucres cylindric to hemispheric or rotate. Phyllaries persistent, 4–45 (–100+) in 1–6+ series (usually distinct
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glabrous or hairy), usually epaleate (paleae usually 0, rare in Eriophyllum). Ray-florets 0 or 4–21, pistillate, fertile (3–8 peripheral florets pistillate
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often resinous. Receptacles slightly convex, pitted, epaleate. Ray-florets 0, or 1–18, pistillate, fertile; corollas usually yellow (white in E. gilmanii
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hairy, hairs simple; taprooted or rhizomatous, sometimes stoloniferous. Stems 0–20, prostrate to erect. Leaves cauline or basal, (attached directly to rhizome
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each bract 0. Pedicels present. Staminate flowers: sepals 0; petals 0; nectary absent; stamen 1; pistillode absent. Pistillate flowers: sepals 0 (ovary subtended
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120° from it; in most other pleurocarps the first branch leaf is lateral. M. S. Ignatov and S. Huttunen (2002) divided the family into four subfamilies
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epicalyx bractlets (4 or) 5 (–10); hypanthium patelliform to cupulate, rarely turbinate, 0.5–2.5 (–5) × (1.5–) 2–7 (–10) mm; sepals (4 or) 5 (–10), spreading
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prophyll subtending and enclosing rachilla, bearing 1 pistillate, sometimes (0–) 3 staminate flowers and empty scales (Carex, Cymophyllus, and Kobresia).
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deciduous; collars inconspicuous, usually glabrous; auricles absent; ligules 0.1-2 (8) mm, membranous, sometimes longest at the margins, usually truncate
52 KB (3,291 words) - 03:08, 30 July 2020
(8–10 in M. godfreyi), arising from hypanthium; filaments distinct; staminodes absent; styles 3 (to 4 in M. cumberlandensis, M. godfreyi), filiform, 0.6–2.5
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clusters, or in corymbiform, cymiform, or paniculiform arrays. Calyculi usually 0 (sometimes 1–3 bractlets in Schkuhria). Involucres campanulate to narrowly
17 KB (818 words) - 23:57, 29 July 2020
completely adnate to ovary, or absent; sepals (3–) 4–5 [–7], distinct or connate proximally; petals 0 or (3–) 4–5 [–7], distinct; nectary present, rudimentary
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al. 2001; Barber et al. 2002). Barber, J.C., S.A. Aliscioni, L.M. Giussani, J.D. Noll, M.R. Duvall, and E.A. Kellogg. 2002. Combined analyses of three independent
17 KB (1,292 words) - 03:56, 30 July 2020
dense or open. > 6 4 Achenes 0.5–0.7 mm thick, (0.9–)1–1.2(–1.4) mm wide; California. Carex harfordii 4 Achenes 0.3–0.4 mm thick, 0.7–1(–1.2) mm wide;
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occasionally below the pedicels. Spikelets with 1 (2-3) florets. Glumes usually (0) 1 (2-3) -veined, apices entire, erose, or toothed, truncate to acuminate,
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scales (0.1–0.4 mm), sometimes connate, plus 5–40 (–50), stramineous, barbellate bristles, sometimes pappi only on ray or only on disc cypselae, or 0. x =
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