apex short-acuminate; sheath to 2.4cm, base persistent. Pollen cones ellipsoid, 10–15mm, yellow. Seed-cones maturing in 2 years, shedding seeds soon thereafter
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conic-subulate; sheath (1–) 1.5–2cm, base persistent. Pollen cones ellipsoid-cylindric, 10–15mm, orangebrown. Seed-cones maturing in 2 years, serotinous, long-persistent
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Caryopses usually dorsally compressed or terete; embryos 1/2 or more the length of the caryopses. x = 9, 10. The tribe Paniceae, which includes about 100 genera
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appendaged, margins entire or emarginate to 2-fid, rarely pinnatifid [fimbriate or filiform]; stamens (2 or 4) 6 [8–24], in 2 whorls, usually tetradynamous (lateral
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or absent, blade apex entire, notched, or 2 (-4) -fid, sometimes dentate or laciniate; stamens 1-10, in 1 or 2 whorls, arising from base of ovary, nectariferous
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falling, of 30–80+, white to stramineous, barbellulate to smooth bristles. x = 10. Nearly worldwide, mostly in warm-temperate, subtropical, and tropical regions
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in sexuality and shape, sometimes missing. x = usually 9 or 10, or possibly 5 with 9 and 10 reflecting ancient polyploidy. The tribe Andropogoneae includes
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(Platystele Garay), to 15–20 cm diameter (some Paphiopedilum Pfitzer, Phragmipedium Rolfe, and Cattleya Lindley spp.), and ultimately to 76 cm [Phragmipedium caudatum
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plants); sepals connate proximally into tube, (4–) 10–28 (–40) mm; tube green, whitish, and/or purplish, 10–30-veined, cylindric to campanulate, urceolate
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prismatic or compressed to flattened, rarely, if ever, beaked, bodies often 10-ribbed or (4–) 5-angled, smooth or papillate to rugose between ribs or angles
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7, 8, 43, 135. Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, (3–) 10–200 (–400+) [2500+] cm. Leaves usually cauline, sometimes mostly basal, or basal and cauline;
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471. Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs (often ± woolly annuals 1–10 cm). Leaves basal and/or cauline; usually alternate, rarely opposite; petiolate
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Seed-cones cylindric, 8–10 (–13) × 3.5–5cm, purple, sessile, apex round to nipple-shaped; scales ca. 2 × 2cm, pubescent; bracts included. Seeds 10–12 × 4mm, body
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ellipsoid-cylindric when open, 10–25cm, creamy brown to yellowish, without purple or gray tints, resinous, stalks to 2cm; umbo terminal, depressed. Seeds
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forming tube that may also bear a corona, usually petaloid and ± equal in 2 whorls of 3, or those of outer whorl narrower, greener, more sepaloid; tepal
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upon drying), 3–12 × 1.7–10 mm. Phyllaries 10–35 in 3–5 series, midnerves usually ± swollen and translucent, sometimes plus 2–5 secondary nerves (striate
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et al., eds. 1905+. North American Flora.... 47+ vols. New York. Ser. 2, part 10, pp. 50–139. Barkley, T. M., B. L. Clark, and A. M. Funston. 1996. The
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or curled, sometimes borne between 2 minute teeth; paleas shorter than or equal to the lemmas, 2-veined; anthers (1-2) 3, purple, orange, yellow, or olivaceous
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usually obovoid or obconic, sometimes fusiform, ± compressed, nerves (2–) 3–5 (–10, sometimes dark-translucent), faces glabrous or strigillose, eglandular
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(salverform in Epigaea); intrastaminal nectary disc present or absent; stamens (2–) 5–8 (–10) [14, 16, 20]; filaments distinct; anthers inverted during development
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