reflexed, sometimes spreading, or erose, nonaccrescent; pyrenes 2–5. se United States Species 10 (10 in the flora). Series Pulcherrimae has a southern limit along
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opposite or whorled bracts. Involucre ± actinomorphic, not spurred; glands [0–] (2–) 5, slightly concave, flat, or slightly convex; appendages usually petaloid
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12, 14, 89, 425, 438. Annuals, biennials, perennials, or subshrubs, 15–250+ cm (taprooted, rhizomatous in G. oölepis). Stems (1–6+) usually erect, sometimes
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wide; petioles ciliate proximally > 10 10 Stems usually branching proximally; leaves monomorphic, blades 2-18 × 0.5-3 cm, margins eciliolate or ciliolate
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fleshy. Stems (1–) 2–20+, prostrate or pendent to erect, green, grayish, or reddish. Leaves winter-marcescent, primarily basal, cauline 0–10 (–15), well developed
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root, unbranched, elongation delayed 2-10 weeks after leaf initiation; base usually not narrowed, firmly attached to root; proximal internodes much shorter
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staminate spikelets, hyaline, unawned or with a straight awn of less than 10 mm. x = 10. Minn., Conn., N.J., N.Y., Fla., Pa., Wash., Va., W.Va., Del., D.C, Wis
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bearing spikelets abaxially, in 2 rows, usually in unequally pedicellate groups of 2-5, occasionally borne singly. Spikelets 1.2-8.2 mm, lanceoloid to ellipsoid
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to exostome, segments with narrowly to broadly ovate perforations. Spores 10–50 µm, finely to strongly papillose, yellow, green, brown, or black. North
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Aristolochia tomentosa, Aristolochia watsonii, Aristolochia wrightii Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2: 960. 175. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 410. 1754. Kerry Barringer, Alan T. Whittemore
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on page 516, 525, 526, 531, 532, 549, 606, 607, 628, 629. Shrubs or trees, 10–100 dm, main trunk dominant (more commonly in taller plants). Stems: trunk
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0.2–2 (–3) dm, lengths 1–3 (–5) times basal leaves. Leaves: basal not in ranks; cauline 0–2; primary leaves ternate or palmate, (1–) 2–10 (–18) cm; petiole:
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reputed astringent property to cure wounds Treatment appears in FNA Volume 10. Herbs, sometimes suffrutescent; caudices relatively short and woody when
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1834 (as Lithofragma); Pleurendotria Rafinesque, name rejected Species 10 (10 in the flora). None. Lithophragma affine, Lithophragma bolanderi, Lithophragma
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foliaceous bracts; sepals 2 or 3, unarmed or prickly, each with erect, subterminal, hollow horn tipped with prickle; petals 6, in 2 whorls of 3; stamens 20-250
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Involucres campanulate to obconic, 2–7 mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, 8–13 (–22) in ± 2 series (strongly connate 2/3–7/8+ their lengths, seldom with outer
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erect, sometimes caudiciform, short to branching, elongate. Leaves alternate, 2-ranked, equitant; blade mostly linear to filiform, flattened to nearly terete
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deciduous calyptra covering stamens in flower bud Treatment appears in FNA Volume 10. Trees or shrubs, usually erect, glabrous or pubescent, hairs simple; bark
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compressed, in 1-2 (4) rows, with 2 florets, lower or upper glumes adjacent to the branch axes. Glumes not saccate basally; lower glumes usually 1/5 – 2/3 as long
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distinct; petals 0; nectary absent [present]; stamens 2–6 (–10) [–25], distinct or connate basally (connate 1/2 length in T. nigricans); pistillode present [absent]
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