and blades, rarely absent or commonly of hairs, glands, and/or scales, occasionally of white or yellow farina. Veins pinnate or parallel in ultimate segments
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typically pilose proximally. Achenes brown, 2–2.5 (–3) mm, glabrous except for occasional papillate beak. Generated Map Legacy Map Ariz., Colo., N.Mex., Nev., Tex
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America. Brachelyma, which is semi-aquatic with a strong single costa and occasional stem paraphyllia, appears to be the basal genus in the family. Fontinalis
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3, occasionally 2 or 5, distinct or sometimes connate proximally; stigmas 3, occasionally 2 or 5. Fruits capsules, opening by 3 or 5, occasionally 4 valves;
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Roots fibrous, principally adventitious. Stems (culms) usually trigonous, occasionally terete, rarely compressed, usually solid, rarely hollow or septate. Leaves
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granite, rocky, open deciduous woods, thickets, dry ridges, cliffs, bluffs, occasional along streams Elevation: 50–500 m Generated Map Legacy Map Ark., Ill.
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distally with 2–3 adaxial cells; laminal cells smooth, 1-stratose with occasional 2-layered strands; basal laminal cells elongate, 25–60 × 8–10 µm, nodulose-sinuose;
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Mentioned on page 80. Plants annual, papillate with crystalline globules occasional, glabrous. Stems prostrate, branched, 1–4 dm. Leaves: petiole clasping
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weak, unable to support anthers; anthers with 2 pollen-sacs, extrorse, occasionally latrorse, usually dehiscing longitudinally [rarely apically]; ovary inferior
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infrequently unisexual or mixed, usually laterally compressed or not compressed, occasionally dorsally compressed, with 1-30 sexual florets, distal floret (s) often
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Rumex and Platypodium) or dioecious (subg. Acetosa and Acetosella), occasionally polygamomonoecious, with taproots and usually short caudex, or sometimes
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polygamodioecious, rarely dioecious, lanate to tomentose, floccose, or glabrous occasionally sericeous; taproot woody. Stems prostrate to erect, with persistent leaf-bases
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layers of efibrillose, inflated, thin-walled, nonornamented cells, with an occasional pore in the distal end of the outer wall of the superficial cell layer
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margins broad, transparent, entire to erose. Venation mostly free with occasional areoles, never more than 1 included veinlet in fertile areoles. Sori round
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apical leaves of stems julaceous; margins entire; laminae 1-stratose, occasional 2-stratose regions near costa in proximal part of leaf; costa subpercurrent
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shores and shallow waters of rivers, lakes, ponds, pastures, and ditches, occasional in tidal waters, or in deep flowing water with slow current Elevation:
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different from adjacent laminal cells. Specialized asexual reproduction occasional, by mullticellular ovoid to ellipsoidal gemmae borne on branched, rhizoidlike
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bilaterally or radially symmetric; sepals 3, sepaloid [occasionally petaloid], distinct or occasionally connate, usually subequal; petals 3, deliquescent,
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forming cushions, green, occasionally blackish green distally, yellowbrown to dark-brown proximally. Stems usually to 2 cm, occasionally branching; rounded-pentagonal
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 22. Treatment on page 211. Herbs, perennial, occasionally annual, usually rhizomatous, orsometimes cespitose. Culms round or flat
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