blade oblong to ovate, 5–10 mm, margins glandular-toothed, apex acute to occasionally obtuse. Inflorescences dense, paniculate to subumbellate cymes, 10–50-flowered;
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Flowers bisexual, protogynous, diurnal, borne at or above water surface (occasionally submersed); peduncle long; involucre absent; perianth persistent in fruit
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Treatment on page 479. Mentioned on page 468. Plants medium-sized [to large], occasionally small, usually in pendent tufts, green, yellowish, brownish, or black
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reddish-brown, distal cells oblong, hyaline. Stem and branch leaves occasionally dimorphic; densely foliate, erect-appressed or imbricate when dry, erect-swollen
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[pinnately compound or 1-3-ternate]. Inflorescences axillary, racemes, occasionally solitary flowers, flowers pedicellate. Flowers unisexual, staminate and
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Mentioned on page 437, 441. Winter buds ovoid to conic, usually shiny, occasionally glaucous, mostly glutinous, glabrous or hairy, hairs whitish or rufous
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363, 366, 369, 642. Plants in wiry wefts, dark green to olive green, occasionally yellowish. Stems irregularly branched to pinnate; paraphyllia few or
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fragrant, actinomorphic; tepals distinct, reddish purple to magenta, occasionally pink or white, not clawed, ± equal; stamens symmetrically arranged; filaments
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and scaly. Branchlets drooping; segments 8-20 × 0.9-1.2 mm, glabrous, occasionally waxy; longitudinal ridges flat to slightly rounded-convex; teeth usually
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Plants perennial; usually cespitose, often with short, knotty rhizomes, occasionally with elongate rhizomes, never stoloniferous. Culms 5-180 cm, erect, mostly
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glabrous, bases occasionally becoming fibrous, but not persistent in tufts. Inflorescences borne singly; spathes green or occasionally with purplish tinge
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stem or abaxial costa insertion, rarely forming tomentum, slightly or occasionally strongly branched, smooth; axillary hair distal cells 1–3, hyaline. Stem-leaves
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adnate to column throughout, forming nectary tube, tube penetrating ovary, occasionally producing nectar; column straight or slightly arched; clinandrium hood
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taproot. Stems prostrate, occasionally mat-forming, 10–43 cm, glabrous. Leaves opposite; stipules usually distinct, occasionally connate at base, filiform
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flat to sulcate apically, green, often streaked or overlain with maroon, occasionally entirely dark maroon, lanceolate-acuminate, 10–50 mm, equaling petals
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Plants annual; tufted. Culms 4.5-55 cm, erect. Sheaths scabridulous, occasionally smooth; ligules 1.2-8 mm, abaxial surfaces scabridulous, acute to subobtuse
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usually cordate, rarely rounded, margins occasionally reddish, entire, often revolute, apex acute to obtuse, occasionally mucronate, surfaces glabrous or pilose;
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than blade; blade rhombic-ovate to broadly lanceolate, 4–8 × 2–3 cm, occasionally larger in robust plants, base cuneate to broadly cuneate, margins entire
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or glabrous, grayish or greenish to green. Stems matted to spreading, occasionally with persistent leaf-bases, up to 1/4 or more height of plant; caudex
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characters intermediate between the parents. Carex maritima × C. parallela, an occasional hybrid in eastern Greenland (T. W. Böcher et al. 1978), more closely resembles
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