present, creeping or ascending and caudexlike, 0.2–1 mm thick. Culms rarely compressed, 0.1–0.75 mm wide. Leaves: distal leaf-sheaths persistent or disintegrating
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Plants annual or perennial; usually cespitose. Culms usually erect, not compressed. Sheaths not keeled; ligules of hairs, or membranous and, usually, ciliate;
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ovary 1-locular; placentae parietal; style threadlike, rigid; stigma 1, compressed, with 2 lobes or apical horns, and/or 2-8 papillar stigmatic surfaces
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terminal few-flowered spikes. Fruits nuts enclosed in husks, compressed or not compressed, husks completely or partially dehiscing, sutures smooth or winged;
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sometimes reflexed or drooping. Spikelets 5-70 mm, terete to laterally compressed, with 3-30 florets; disarticulation above the glumes, beneath the florets
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olivaceous. Caryopses elongate, fusiform or elliptic, slightly dorsally compressed. Cleistogamous panicles sometimes present in the axils of the lower cauline
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stigmatic lines). Cypselae narrowly obconic to cylindric, sometimes somewhat compressed, ribs usually 8–10 (either darker and sometimes translucent or lighter
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Cypselae usually monomorphic within heads, mostly ovoid to obovoid and compressed or obcompressed, not beaked or apically attenuate, bodies smooth or ±
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rhizomatous or not. Culms sometimes solitary, scapose, stiff or flaccid, terete, compressed, or 3–5-angled, coarse or fine. Leaves basal, distichous or polystichous;
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[fimbriate]. Fruits baccate or capsular. Seeds (1–) 3–ca. 200, arillate, usually compressed, surface usually pitted to reticulate or grooved. Nearly worldwide, primarily
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monomorphic within heads, columnar to clavate, fusiform, or prismatic, sometimes compressed, not beaked, bodies smooth, nerved, or ribbed (glabrous or hirsutulous
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bilaterally or radially symmetric, tubular, sometimes inflated and sagittally compressed with abaxial lobes characteristically upcurving and closing throat or
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mostly 3–4 mm wide; fruit body compressed or tumid, mostly 2–2.5(–3) mm, tubercle more narrowly triangular to subulate, compressed or shallowly biconvex, 0.5–1
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mainly extravaginal. Culms 2-120 cm, terete or somewhat compressed; nodes terete or weakly compressed. Sheaths usually closed for 1/2-7/8 their length, sometimes
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seldom cultivated > 16 16 Bracts (or bractlike perianth segments) dorsally compressed, usually triangular, smooth, tuberculate, vertically keeled, or winged;
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Cypselae cylindric to obovoid or oblong, sometimes fusiform, sometimes ± compressed, (5–) 6–10-nerved, usually densely strigillose. x = 5, 4. North America
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3-valved, exserted beyond calyx or not. Seeds 1–6 per capsule, ovoid, often compressed laterally, with or without easily separating membranous coat. x = 9 or
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Volume 24. Treatment on page 73. Plants perennial. Sheaths not or weakly compressed, midvein often conspicuous distally. Panicles 0.8-30 cm wide; branches
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almost woody at the base, often branching from the lower nodes. Sheaths not compressed. Panicles usually lax and diffuse; pedicels divergent. Spikelets ellipsoid
4 KB (1,009 words) - 04:05, 30 July 2020
muricate, tuberculate, or furrowed, indehiscent or dehiscent. Seeds mostly compressed, sometimes winged, arillate in Coccinia, Ibervillea, Momordica, and Tumamoca
19 KB (877 words) - 11:15, 30 July 2020