horizontal, straight or recurved, (not winged), (2.5–) 3–6 (–7.5) × 0.2–0.3 mm, puberulent adaxially or throughout. Flowers: sepals ovate to broadly oblong, 1.5–2
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pedicellate, not disarticulate in fruit; sepals 2, suborbiculate to broadly obovate, 2–4 mm, herbaceous at anthesis, margins glandular-toothed, apex truncate
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acuminate; fertile scales ovate to obovate or suborbiculate, 2–3.5 mm apex acute to rounded or emarginate, midrib included or exserted as mucro. Flowers:
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borne singly or in 2s or 3s. Involucres hemispheric or broader, 12–35+ mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, 35–60+ in 3–4+ series, distinct, ovate or lanceovate
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blade oblong to broadly elliptic or obovate, margins entire. Inflorescences terminal, cymose; branches mostly dichotomous, not brittle or disarticulating
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leaflets more or less obovate to more or less elliptic, 5–7 leaflets on mid cauline leaves, 1 minor pair; leaves with major leaflets more or less narrowly
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strigose or glabrous, glandular or eglandular; terminal leaflets petiolulate, lateral sessile or subsessile; leaflets 3–5 (–7), terminal ovate to lanceolate
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Treatment on page 120. Vines 40+ m. Leaves: blade suborbiculate to broadly oblong-obovate or ovate-orbiculate, 4–6 × 3–5 cm, aestivation conduplicate. Inflorescences
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fibrous or fleshy to somewhat woody, tuberous; tendrils unbranched or 2–3 [–4] -branched. Leaves: blade ovate or elongate-ovate to lanceolate-ovate or ovate-triangular
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dentate, pinnatifid, or lobed; cauline sessile, subsessile, or shortly petiolate, blade (base not auriculate), margins entire or lobed. Racemes (corymbose)
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orbicular to broadly obovate or elliptic, 2.2–3.5 × 2–3 mm, apically winged, apical notch 0.2–0.3 mm deep; valves thin, smooth, not veined, glabrous or sparsely
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distally), midnerves plus 2 collaterals evident proximally (flat), ovate or oblong to obovate, unequal, mostly chartaceous, margins scarious, (apices truncate
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abaxial face of subtended cypsela), obovate to oblong, scarious. Ray-florets 0 or ca. 8, neuter; corollas yellow or redbrown, or bicolored (yellow and redbrown)
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petiole flattened, 0.5–4 cm; blade narrowly to broadly ovate, 2–7 cm, ± leathery, base attenuate, margins entire or minutely denticulate, usually ciliate, surfaces
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bracts, ovate, 4–9 mm, herbaceous, margins entire, not glandular, apex acute; petals 5–9, white, sometimes with pink veins, or pinkish, obovate, 12–26 mm;
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cordate, ovate, or broadly ovate-cordate to subreniform, or subdeltate, usually 20–60 × 20–50 mm, margins singly or double crenate, even or irregular
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anther gland amber or pellucid; styles 5.4–8.5 mm. Capsules broadly ovoid, 3–6 × 2–4 mm, with longitudinal and lateral vittae or vesicles or only ovoid vesicles
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conduplicate; blade suborbiculate to broadly ovate-cordate [triangular], palmately (3–) 5–7-lobed, lobes obovate to ovate-oblong or elliptic, 2 lateral lobes deeply
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relatively short, bristly trichomes). Cauline leaves: blade (fleshy), broadly ovate to orbicular, 0.7–3.5 cm × 5–24 mm (not smaller distally), base auriculate
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oblong]; petals usually purple or lavender [yellow], rarely white, (much longer than sepals), oblanceolate [broadly obovate or obcordate], claw strongly differentiated
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