emerge; staminate stout or subglobose, 9.5–16 × 6–12 mm, flowering branchlet 1–5.5 mm; pistillate moderately or very densely flowered, stout, subglobose or
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before leaves emerge; staminate stout, 23–55 × 13–27 mm, flowering branchlet 0–6 mm; pistillate densely flowered, slender to stout, 33–103 × 8–22 mm, flowering
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green, dark green, yellowish, or brownish. Stems creeping, densely to moderately densely terete-foliate to homomallous, irregularly loosely branched, branches
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flowering branchlet or sessile; pistillate on flowering branchlet, usually stout, globose, or subglobose, sometimes slender; floral bract brown, tawny, or
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usually numerous, usually recurved, 1-year old shiny, dark-brown to black, stout to slender, 2.5–6 cm. Leaves: petiole 1–3 cm, length 30–60% blade, glabrous
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Treatment on page 282. Mentioned on page 269, 281, 285. Plants medium-sized to moderately robust, rigid, in dense or loose tufts or patches, reddish green, reddish-brown
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1–5 (–7) cm, slender, base not enlarged. Roots inconspicuous, slender or stout, unbranched or few-branched. Leaves relatively few, loosely imbricate or
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flowering branchlet 0–1 mm; pistillate (and staminate) moderately to very densely flowered, stout, subglobose, or globose, 9–47 (–55 in fruit) × 5.5–19
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108. Perennials, 40–150 cm (rhizomes creeping, short, stout). Stems erect, simple, moderately to sparsely soft-villous. Leaves basal and cauline; alternate;
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rarely long-acuminate; costa to 60–80% leaf length, moderate to somewhat stout, terminal abaxial spine usually present, indistinct (absent in S. obtusifolium);
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pendent at maturity, linear, often torulose, slender to somewhat stout, straight to moderately incurved, 12-24 (-30) mm. Seeds nearly 2 mm diam., appearing
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long-attenuate, abaxial surfaces with hooked prickles on midveins, moderately hairy, moderately to densely stipitate-glandular on veins. Inflorescences terminal
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cells long-rectangular, papillae 4–7, in 1 row, walls strongly thick, moderately to strongly porose, region strongly yellow to red-orange across insertion
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suberect; costae without scales abaxially; veins, costules, and costae moderately to rather densely hairy adaxially with hairs greater than 0.3 mm. > 15
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483. Mentioned on page 470. Plants simple, rarely branched, 5–22 (–35) cm, stout, base not enlarged. Stems thickened, fleshy. Roots inconspicuous (often very
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prickles sparse to moderate, hooked to retrorse, moderately to densely hairy, eglandular or sparsely to moderately sessile-glandular. Flowers bisexual; petals
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Wilson-Ramsey Copyright: Flora of North America Association Stems erect, branched, stout to robust, usually 1.5–3 m (occasionally to 9 m!) × 30 cm. Leaves: petiole
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(–80) dm. Stems: 1–2-year old twigs usually very dark; thorns on twigs ± stout. Leaves: petiole glandular or eglandular; blade usually rhombic to rhombic-elliptic
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creeping, glabrate to moderately hairy, sparsely to densely sessile to short-stipitate-glandular, not or weakly pruinose; prickles moderately dense to dense,
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or strongly perennial with branched, woody caudex. Taproots filiform to stout. Stems erect to sprawling, simple to freely branching distally or throughout
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