Lithophragma parviflorum

(Hooker) Nuttall in J. Torrey and A. Gray

in J. Torrey and A. Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 584. 1840 (as parviflora) ,.

Common names: Smallflower woodland star
IllustratedEndemic
Basionym: Tellima parviflora Hooker Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 239, plate 78, fig. A. 1832
Synonyms: Lithophragma anemonoides Greene Lithophragma austromontanum A. Heller Pleurendotria reniformis Rafinesque
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 80. Mentioned on page 78, 79, 81.
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Plants slender. Flowering-stems simple, 20–50 cm. Leaves in basal rosette and cauline, basal mostly 3-lobed, cauline (2–3), 3-foliolate, reduced, similar to basal (except lobes longer); stipules large, decurrent on petiole base, (margins fimbriate); petiole to 6 cm; blade dark green, orbiculate, (base cuneate), surfaces nearly glabrous or sparsely to densely hairy. Inflorescences 2–3, nodding, 4–14-flowered racemes, simple. Pedicels equaling or shorter than hypanthium. Flowers deciduous if unfertilized, not fragrant, horizontal; hypanthium obconic-elongate at anthesis, becoming very elongate in fruit, open at throat, (length 2 times diam.); sepals erect, triangular; petals (exserted), widely spreading, white or pink, often with prominent venation, obovate-rhombic, narrowly clawed, deeply 3-lobed, (usually with prominent sinuses extending 1/2+ to base), 7–16 mm, ultimate margins entire; ovary 1/2+ inferior; styles included in fruit; stigma papillae in narrow subapical band. Seeds 0.5–0.6 mm, wrinkled or smooth. 2n = 14, 21, 28, 35.


Phenology: Flowering Mar–Aug.
Habitat: Coastal bluffs, gravel prairies and rocky meadows, open forests, shrublands, and grasslands, subalpine regions, commonly with Lithophragma glabrum and L. tenellum
Elevation: 200-3100 m

Distribution

V8 154-distribution-map.gif

Alta., B.C., Calif., Colo., Idaho, Mont., Nebr., Nev., Oreg., S.Dak., Utah, Wash., Wyo.

Discussion

Lithophragma parviflorum is easily identified throughout its range, although morphological variation is apparent when comparing specimens from different habitats and elevations in western North America. Some authors treat L. trifoliatum as a variety of L. parviflorum.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"entire" is not a number.

... more about "Lithophragma parviflorum"
35 +, 28 +, 21 +  and 14 +
epigynous +, perigynous +  and hypogynous +
acute +  and obtuse +
Roy L. Taylor +
(Hooker) Nuttall in J. Torrey and A. Gray +
cuneate +, rounded +, hastate +  and cordate +
Tellima parviflora +
dentate +, serrate +  and entire +
glandular-ciliate +  and ciliate +
orbiculate +
3-carpellate +  and 2-carpellate +
lobed +  and unlobed +
Smallflower woodland star +
ebracteate +, bracteate +  and 2-300(-1000+)-flowered +
Alta. +, B.C. +, Calif. +, Colo. +, Idaho +, Mont. +, Nebr. +, Nev. +, Oreg. +, S.Dak. +, Utah +, Wash. +  and Wyo. +
200-3100 m +
unfertilized +
not fragrant +
unisexual +  and bisexual +
20 cm200 mm <br />0.2 m <br /> (50 cm500 mm <br />0.5 m <br />) +
2-3(-4)-beaked +  and folliclelike +
Coastal bluffs, gravel prairies and rocky meadows, open forests, shrublands, and grasslands, subalpine regions, commonly with Lithophragma glabrum and L. tenellum +
multicellular +
free +  and adnate +
elongate +  and obconic-elongate +
2-12(-25)-flowered +
3-foliolate +
opposite +  and alternate +
2 (?) +  and 3 (?) +
basal +  and cauline +
3-lobed +
reduced +
0 +  and 1/2 +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
crassinucellate +, unitegmic +  and bitegmic +
epigynous +, perigynous +  and hypogynous +
pink +  and white +
distinct +
3-lobed +, clawed +  and obovate-rhombic +
0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br /> (1.6 cm16 mm <br />0.016 m <br />) +
peltate +  and jointed +
stipitate-glandular +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (6 cm60 mm <br />0.06 m <br />) +
Flowering Mar–Aug. +
unequal +
in J. Torrey and A. Gray, Fl. N. Amer. +
simple +  and 4-14-flowered +
spiny +  and ribbed +
dark-brown +
straight +
smooth +  and wrinkled +
0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br /> (0.06 cm0.6 mm <br />6.0e-4 m <br />) +
green tinged with red +
distinct +
triangular +
Illustrated +  and Endemic +
unbranched +  and branched +
persistent +
horizontal +  and erect +
decurrent +
connate +  and distinct +
nearly glabrous or +  and sparsely densely hairy +
Lithophragma anemonoides +, Lithophragma austromontanum +  and Pleurendotria reniformis +
Lithophragma parviflorum +
Lithophragma +
species +
toothed +  and entire +
not stoloniferous +  and rhizomatous +
annual +, biennial +  and perennial +