Lithophragma heterophyllum

(Hooker & Arnott) Hooker & Arnott in J. Torrey and A. Gray

in J. Torrey and A. Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 584. 1840 (as heterophylla) ,.

Common names: Hillside woodland star
Endemic
Basionym: Tellima heterophylla Hooker & Arnott Bot. Beechey Voy., 346. 1839
Synonyms: Lithophragma trilobum Rydberg
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 82. Mentioned on page 79, 83.
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Plants slender. Flowering-stems simple, 20–40 cm. Leaves in basal rosette and cauline, basal shallowly 2–5-lobed, cauline (2–10), 3-lobed with secondary teeth, usually much reduced, similar to basal, (bearing axillary bulbils, aerial bulbils may replace flowers in axils); stipules small, not decurrent onto petiole, (margins fimbriate); petiole to 8 cm; blade dark green or reddish green, orbiculate, (margins toothed), surfaces hairy. Inflorescences 1–4 (–6), (lax), nodding, 2–6 (–12) -flowered racemes, often many-branched, (15–50 cm). Pedicels equaling or shorter than hypanthium, (flowers long-pedicellate). Flowers persistent, not fragrant, horizontal; hypanthium narrowly campanulate with truncate base, not elongating in fruit, throat open, (length 2 times diam.); sepals erect in bud, becoming widely spreading after anthesis, triangular; petals (completely exserted), widely spreading, (lax), white, obovate-pandurate, lamina spoon-shaped, narrowly clawed, unlobed or 3 (–5) -lobed, 5–12 mm, ultimate margins entire; ovary superior; styles much exserted in fruit; stigma papillae apical. Seeds 0.4–0.5 mm, tuberculate (tubercles in 3–19 rows, blunt). 2n = 14.


Phenology: Flowering Jun.
Habitat: Partly or fully shaded, well-drained slopes of oak or mixed coniferous-oak woodland
Elevation: 0-1500 m

Discussion

Lithophragma heterophyllum is known in the coastal mountains of southern Oregon and in California from Humboldt to Los Angeles counties. Its variable morphology is associated with the amount of available moisture and site exposure.

Sympatric populations of Lithophragma heterophyllum and L. bolanderi occur in the south-central California Coast Ranges. The distinguishing characteristics for L. heterophyllum are hypanthium shape, petal outline, and exsertion of stigma and style in fruit.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"entire" is not a number.

epigynous +, perigynous +  and hypogynous +
acute +  and obtuse +
Roy L. Taylor +
(Hooker & Arnott) Hooker & Arnott in J. Torrey and A. Gray +
cuneate +, rounded +, hastate +  and cordate +
Tellima heterophylla +
reddish green +  and dark green +
dentate +, serrate +  and entire +
glandular-ciliate +  and ciliate +
orbiculate +
3-carpellate +  and 2-carpellate +
lobed +  and unlobed +
Hillside woodland star +
ebracteate +, bracteate +  and 2-300(-1000+)-flowered +
Calif. +  and Oreg. +
0-1500 m +
persistent +
not fragrant +
unisexual +  and bisexual +
20 cm200 mm <br />0.2 m <br /> (40 cm400 mm <br />0.4 m <br />) +
2-3(-4)-beaked +  and folliclelike +
Partly or fully shaded, well-drained slopes of oak or mixed coniferous-oak woodland +
multicellular +
free +  and adnate +
not elongating +
campanulate +
2-12(-25)-flowered +
3(-5)-lobed +, unlobed +, clawed +  and spoon--shaped +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (1.2 cm12 mm <br />0.012 m <br />) +
opposite +  and alternate +
2 (?) +  and 10 (?) +
basal +  and cauline +
3-lobed +  and 2-5-lobed +
reduced +
0 +  and 1/2 +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
crassinucellate +, unitegmic +  and bitegmic +
epigynous +, perigynous +  and hypogynous +
distinct +
obovate-pandurate +
peltate +  and jointed +
stipitate-glandular +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (8 cm80 mm <br />0.08 m <br />) +
Flowering Jun. +
unequal +
in J. Torrey and A. Gray, Fl. N. Amer. +
many-branched +  and 2-6(-12)-flowered +
spiny +  and ribbed +
dark-brown +
straight +
tuberculate +
0.04 cm0.4 mm <br />4.0e-4 m <br /> (0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br />) +
green tinged with red +
distinct +
spreading +  and erect +
triangular +
unbranched +  and branched +
persistent +
horizontal +  and erect +
not decurrent +
connate +  and distinct +
Lithophragma trilobum +
Lithophragma heterophyllum +
Lithophragma +
species +
toothed +  and entire +
not stoloniferous +  and rhizomatous +
annual +, biennial +  and perennial +