Potentilla nivea

Linnaeus

Sp. Pl. 1: 499. 1753.

Common names: Snow cinquefoil potentille des neiges
Illustrated
Synonyms: Potentilla prostrata subsp. floccosa Soják
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 9. Treatment on page 198. Mentioned on page 196, 197, 199, 200, 201, 205, 206.
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Plants ± tufted. Caudex branches stout, not columnar, not sheathed with marcescent whole leaves. Stems ascending to erect, (0.3–) 0.5–3 (–4) dm, lengths 1.5–2.5 (–4) times basal leaves. Basal leaves (1–) 3–10 (–15) cm; petiole (0.5–) 1–6 (–10) cm, long hairs usually absent, sometimes sparse to common (less so than cottony hairs), ± appressed, 1–2 mm, soft, smooth, short-crisped hairs absent or obscured, cottony hairs abundant to dense sometimes sparse with age, glands absent, sparse, or obscured; leaflets overlapping, central obovate, 0.5–2 (–4) × (0.2–) 0.4–1.2 (–2) cm, subsessile, base cuneate, margins slightly revolute, distal ± 3/4 incised (1/4–) 1/3–1/2 to midvein, teeth (2–) 3–5 (–6) per side, ± approximate, surfaces dissimilar, often strongly so, abaxial ± white, long hairs 0.8–1.2 mm, cottony-crisped hairs dense, adaxial usually green, sometimes grayish green, long hairs sparse to abundant, short-crisped hairs sparse to common. Cauline leaves 0–1. Inflorescences 1–5 (–7) -flowered. Pedicels 1–4 cm in flower, to 5 cm in fruit. Flowers: epicalyx bractlets narrowly to broadly lanceolate or elliptic, (2–) 4–7 × 0.6–1.7 mm, usually 1/4–1/2 as wide as sepals, margins flat, red-glands usually absent, sometimes sparse, inconspicuous; hypanthium (2–) 3–4 mm diam.; sepals (2.5–) 4–8 mm, apex acute; petals (3–) 4–8 × (3–) 5–9 mm, slightly longer than sepals; filaments 0.9–1.2 mm, anthers 0.5 mm; carpels 20–40, apical hairs absent, styles narrowly columnar or columnar-tapered, strongly papillate-swollen at very base, rarely in proximal 1/5–1/3, 0.7–1.2 mm. Achenes 1.1–1.5 mm. 2n = 56, 63; 28, 42, 49, 70 (Asia, Europe).


Phenology: Flowering summer.
Habitat: Well-drained, exposed sites, ridge crests, coarse mineral soil, scree, usually on calcareous substrates
Elevation: 400–3800 m

Distribution

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Greenland, Alta., B.C., Man., Nfld. and Labr., N.W.T., Nunavut, Que., Yukon, Alaska, Ariz., Colo., Mont., N.Mex., Utah, Wash., Wyo., Eurasia

Discussion

Although now restricted to plants with exclusively (or at least predominantly) cottony hairs on the petioles, the name Potentilla nivea has a long history with an often wider application, sometimes including nearly all of sect. Niveae. As further confusion, J. Soják (1989) noted that the Linnaean type of P. nivea belonged to what is here treated as P. arenosa. Although historical usage of P. nivea has been re-established as a conserved name with a conserved type (B. Eriksen et al. 1999), from 1989 to 1999 the name P. nivea was applied to P. arenosa. During this period, P. prostrata subsp. floccosa was briefly adopted as the correct name for this species (for example, W. J. Cody 1996).

Molecular evidence (B. Eriksen and M. H. Töpel 2006) indicates that populations of Potentilla nivea in the Atlantic regions, including Greenland and eastern Canada, differ from those in the Beringian regions of northwestern North America, suggesting expansion from separate Pleistocene refugia. A comparable pattern was noted by R. Elven and S. G. Aiken (2007) based on morphologic characters. The conserved type of P. nivea is from northern Sweden (Eriksen et al. 1999) and belongs to the Atlantic morphologic group. The variation within each region is large, and racial recognition would accordingly be premature. Plants from sites south of the continental glaciation, which were not included in the analysis by Eriksen and Töpel, deviate in having acuminate leaflet teeth and epicalyx bractlets and in being generally more slender. Epicalyx bractlets of some Washington plants are nearly as narrow as those of P. crebridens.

Additional chromosome numbers have been reported for Potentilla nivea, but it is unknown whether these apply to this species, P. crebridens, some Asian relative, or hybrids.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"thin" is not a number."dm" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property."-2.5(-4)timesbasalleaves" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property."dm" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property."dm" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property.

... more about "Potentilla nivea"
reddish +, yellowish white +, gray +  and white +
cottony-crisped +
reddish +, yellowish white +, gray +  and white +
cottony-crisped +
cottony-crisped +
rugose +  and smooth +
1.1mm +  and 1.5mm +
grayish green +  and green +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> - ? +
Reidar Elven +, David F. Murray +  and Barbara Ertter +
Linnaeus +
compound +  and simple +
10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br /> - 15 cm150 mm <br />0.15 m <br /> +
3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br /> - 10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br /> +
cuneate +
Niveae +
25 cm250 mm <br />0.25 m <br /> - 30 cm300 mm <br />0.3 m <br /> +
less cordate or reniform +  and narrowly elliptic +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> - 25 cm250 mm <br />0.25 m <br /> +
coriaceous +
reduced +
free +  and distinct +
hairy +  and glabrous +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> - 4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br /> +
1.2 cm12 mm <br />0.012 m <br /> - 2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> - 2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> - 1.2 cm12 mm <br />0.012 m <br /> +
Snow cinquefoil +  and potentille des neiges +
Greenland +, Alta. +, B.C. +, Man. +, Nfld. and Labr. +, N.W.T. +, Nunavut +, Que. +, Yukon +, Alaska +, Ariz. +, Colo. +, Mont. +, N.Mex. +, Utah +, Wash. +, Wyo. +  and Eurasia +
not +  and aggregated +
400–3800 m +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> - 0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> - 0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br /> +
elliptic +  and lanceolate +
0.06 cm0.6 mm <br />6.0e-4 m <br /> - 0.17 cm1.7 mm <br />0.0017 m <br /> +
0.09 cm0.9 mm <br />9.0e-4 m <br /> - 0.12 cm1.2 mm <br />0.0012 m <br /> +
0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> - 2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> +
unisexual +  and bisexual +
not +  and aggregated +
deciduous +
on style scar +, hairy +  and glabrous +
0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br /> - 0.26 cm2.6 mm <br />0.0026 m <br /> +
sparse;common +
crisped +
Well-drained, exposed sites, ridge crests, coarse mineral soil, scree, usually on calcareous substrates +
stoloniferous +  and short-rhizomatous +
straight +
less appressed +  and spreading +
sparse +  and common +
short-crisped +  and cottony-crisped +
0.08 cm0.8 mm <br />8.0e-4 m <br /> - 0.12 cm1.2 mm <br />0.0012 m <br /> +
0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br /> - 0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> +
0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br /> - 1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> - 0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> +
0.5mm;2.5mm +
turbinate +, patelliform +  and cupulate +
1-5 - -7-flowered +
crassinucellate +
bipinnate +, odd-pinnate +, subpalmate +, palmate +  and ternate +
opposite +  and alternate +
marcescent +
well-developed +
persistent +
cauline +  and basal +
reduced +
obtriangular +, suborbiculate +, elliptic +  and obovate +
linear +  and oblanceolate +
palmate +  and pinnate +
1/4 - ? +  and 1/3-1/2 - ? +
inferior +  and superior +
clustered +, biseriate +  and superposed +
6 cm60 mm <br />0.06 m <br /> - 10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br /> +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> - 5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br /> +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> - 0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> - 1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br /> +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> - 0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> +
pale-yellow +  and yellow +
free +  and distinct +
slightly longer +
obcordate +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> - 1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> - 0.9 cm9 mm <br />0.009 m <br /> +
6 cm60 mm <br />0.06 m <br /> - 10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br /> +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> - 6 cm60 mm <br />0.06 m <br /> +
Flowering summer. +
adnate +, free +, connate +  and distinct +
palmate +  and ternate +
12 cm120 mm <br />0.12 m <br /> - 20 cm200 mm <br />0.2 m <br /> +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> - 12 cm120 mm <br />0.12 m <br /> +
inconspicuous +
not arillate +
0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br /> - 0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> +
persistent +
free +  and distinct +
erect +  and spreading +
lanceolate +  and broadly ovate or deltate +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> - 0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> +
Illustrated +
free +  and distinct +
not rooting +
reddish +  and green +
ascending +  and erect +
1 +  and many +
not flagelliform +
palmate +  and pinnate +
linear;ovate +
0.12 cm1.2 mm <br />0.0012 m <br /> - 0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br /> +
deciduous +
distinct +
proximal +  and subapical +
not;1/3;1/2 +
papillate-swollen +, columnar-tapered +  and columnar +
rough-thickened +
0.07 cm0.7 mm <br />7.0e-4 m <br /> - 0.12 cm1.2 mm <br />0.0012 m <br /> +
Potentilla prostrata subsp. floccosa +
not fleshy-thickened +
Potentilla nivea +
Potentilla sect. Niveae +
species +
approximate +
3 - ? +  and 5 - ? +
inconspicuous +
enlarged +
biennial +, annual +  and perennial +