Geum macrophyllum

Willdenow

Enum. Pl., 557. 1809.

Common names: Large-leaved avens benoîte à grandes feuilles
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 9. Treatment on page 66. Mentioned on page 61, 67, 68.
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Plants leafy-stemmed. Stems 30–110 cm, puberulent and hirsute or sparsely hirsute. Leaves: basal 10–45 cm, blade interruptedly lyrate-pinnate, major leaflets 5–9, alternating with 4–15 minor ones, terminal leaflet usually much larger than major laterals; cauline 2–12 cm, stipules ± free, 7–23 × 3–12 mm, blade lyrate-pinnate, pinnate, 3-foliolate, or simple and 3-lobed. Inflorescences 3–16-flowered. Pedicels densely puberulent, sometimes with scattered longer hairs, sometimes stipitate-glandular. Flowers erect; epicalyx bractlets often absent, 0.5–2 mm; hypanthium green; sepals erect-spreading but soon reflexed, 2.5–5.5 mm; petals spreading, yellow, obovate, broadly elliptic, or suborbiculate, 3.5–7 mm, longer than sepals, apex rounded. Fruiting tori sessile or on less than 1 mm stipes, puberulent. Fruiting styles geniculate-jointed, proximal segment persistent, 2.5–6 mm, apex hooked, sparsely to densely stipitate-glandular, distal segment deciduous, 1–2 mm, pilose in basal 1/3, hairs much longer than diam. of style.

Distribution

V9 95-distribution-map.jpg

Alta., B.C., Man., N.B., N.S., N.W.T., Nunavut, Ont., P.E.I., Que., Sask., Yukon, Alaska, Ariz., Calif., Colo., Idaho, Maine, Mass., Mich., Minn., Mont., N.Dak., N.H., N.Mex., N.Y., Nebr., Nev., Oreg., S.Dak., Utah, Vt., Wash., Wis., Wyo., Eurasia

Discussion

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

Characters useful in recognizing specimens of Geum macrophyllum are yellow petals, epicalyx bractlets often absent, proximal style segment sparsely to densely stipitate-glandular, and fruiting receptacles puberulent. Across its broad North American range from Alaska to California and Nova Scotia, G. macrophyllum exhibits considerable variation. Based largely on the shape of the terminal leaflet of the basal leaves and the degree of dissection and shape of the divisions of the distal cauline leaves, P. A. Rydberg (1913b) distinguished three species within the range of variation treated here as one species. Basal leaves of G. macrophyllum in the strict sense (var. macrophyllum in this treatment) have relatively large reniform to rounded terminal leaflets and the distal cauline leaves are three-cleft into rhombic or cuneate lobes. The basal-leaf terminal leaflets of G. perincisum (= var. perincisum) are only slightly larger than the laterals and are deeply lobed into rhombic-obovate segments; the distal cauline leaves are dissected into oblanceolate divisions. Both basal and cauline leaves of G. oregonense (= var. perincisum) are intermediate between those of G. macrophyllum and G. perincisum. W. Gajewski (1955) crossed all three taxa under discussion and examined leaf morphology and cytology of the F1 and F2 hybrids. He concluded that they were distinct but not yet completely separated species. Fairly well correlated with the more dissected leaves of G. oregonense and G. perincisum is the presence of minute stalked glands on the pedicels. The treatment here follows H. M. Raup (1931) in recognizing two varieties of G. macrophyllum based more on pedicel glandularity than leaf morphology.

Selected References

None.

Key

1 Pedicels not glandular-puberulent; cauline leaves with distal simple and 3-lobed (divided less than 3/4 to base), lobes rhombic-oblong. Geum macrophyllum var. macrophyllum
1 Pedicels glandular-puberulent; cauline leaves with distal 3-foliolate or simple and 3-lobed (divided almost to base), lobes oblanceolate to obovate. Geum macrophyllum var. perincisum

"thin" is not a number."elongating" is not a number. "elongating" is not a number.

... more about "Geum macrophyllum"
stipitate-glandular +
hooked;rounded +
Joseph R. Rohrer +
Willdenow +
compound +  and simple +
opposite +  and alternate +
10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br /> (45 cm450 mm <br />0.45 m <br />) +
simple +, 3-foliolate +  and pinnate +
lyrate-pinnate;lyrate-pinnate +
3-lobed +
coriaceous +
free +  and distinct +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (12 cm120 mm <br />0.12 m <br />) +
Large-leaved avens +  and benoîte à grandes feuilles +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
Alta. +, B.C. +, Man. +, N.B. +, N.S. +, N.W.T. +, Nunavut +, Ont. +, P.E.I. +, Que. +, Sask. +, Yukon +, Alaska +, Ariz. +, Calif. +, Colo. +, Idaho +, Maine +, Mass. +, Mich. +, Minn. +, Mont. +, N.Dak. +, N.H. +, N.Mex. +, N.Y. +, Nebr. +, Nev. +, Oreg. +, S.Dak. +, Utah +, Vt. +, Wash. +, Wis. +, Wyo. +  and Eurasia +
not +  and aggregated +
0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (4.6 cm46 mm <br />0.046 m <br />) +
unisexual +  and bisexual +
not +  and aggregated +
tapered +, ovoid +  and fusiform +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.45 cm4.5 mm <br />0.0045 m <br />) +
saucer-shaped +  and cupshaped +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br />) +
crassinucellate +
odd-pinnate +, lyrate-pinnate +, 3-foliolate +  and simple +
opposite +  and alternate +
winter-persistent +
cauline +  and basal +
cordate +, reniform +, orbiculate +, oblanceolate +, obovate +, oblong +, elliptic +  and rhombic +
palmate +  and pinnate +
crenate +, dentate +, laciniate +, 2-7-lobed +, flat +, lobed +, toothed +  and entire +
inferior +  and superior +
clustered +, biseriate +  and superposed +
stipitate-glandular +  and puberulent +
purple-veined +
0 (?) +  and 4 (?) +
free +  and distinct +
suborbiculate;elliptic;suborbiculate;elliptic;obovate +
0.35 cm3.5 mm <br />0.0035 m <br /> (0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br />) +
adnate +, free +, connate +  and distinct +
0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br /> (0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br />) +
not arillate +
persistent +
free +  and distinct +
reflexed +  and erect-spreading +
deltate-lanceolate +, deltate-ovate +  and deltate +
0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br /> (0.55 cm5.5 mm <br />0.0055 m <br />) +
free +  and distinct +
hirsute;hirsute;puberulent +
1 +  and 5 +
30 cm300 mm <br />0.3 m <br /> (110 cm1,100 mm <br />1.1 m <br />) +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br />) +
palmate +  and pinnate +
0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br /> (2.3 cm23 mm <br />0.023 m <br />) +
ovate;lanceolate;ovate;lanceolate;linear +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (1.2 cm12 mm <br />0.012 m <br />) +
geniculate-jointed +  and entire +
persistent +
distinct +
basal +, lateral +, subterminal +  and terminal +
hairy +  and glabrous +
not hooked +  and hooked +
accrescent +
10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br /> (?) +
Acomastylis +, Erythrocoma +, Novosieversia +  and Stylypus +
Geum macrophyllum +
species +
usually much larger +
inconspicuous +
hemispheric +  and cylindric +
enlarged +
geniculate-jointed +
hairy +  and glabrous +