Echinochloa oplismenoides

(E. Fourn.) Hitchc.
Common names: Chihuahuan barnyard grass
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 398.
Revision as of 03:00, 30 July 2020 by imported>Volume Importer
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Plants annual. Culms to 100 cm, erect, succulent, glabrous, branching from the lower nodes. Sheaths glabrous or hispid with papillose-based hairs; ligules absent or the ligule region pubescent; blades 10-35 cm long, 5-10 mm wide. Panicles 15-30 cm, narrow; primary branches appressed to ascending, with papillose-based hairs at the base of the spikelets. Spikelets 4-5 mm, disarticulating at maturity. Glumes with hairs over the veins, glabrous, scabrous, or hispid between the veins; upper glumes about equal to the spikelets, muticous or awned, awns to 1 mm; lower florets sterile; lower lemmas unawned or awned, awns 8-16 (50) mm; lower paleas absent or hyaline and subequal to the lemmas; upper lemmas 4-4.5 mm long, 1.7-1.9 mm wide, elliptic; anthers 0.5-0.7 mm, purple. Caryopses 2.7-2.9 mm long, 1.7-1.8 mm wide, elliptic in outline, mucronate; embryos about 75% as long as the caryopses; hila obovate. 2n = unknown.

Discussion

Echinochloa oplismenoides was first found in the United States, in southern Arizona, in 1993 (Fishbein 1995). It was previously known only from Mexico, with a range that extends from northwestern Mexico to Guatemala. The southern Arizonan plants were found near a cattle tank in wet grasslands. Fishbein stated that it was impossible to tell whether they represented a previously overlooked native species or an introduction.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"decumbent" is not a number.

... more about "Echinochloa oplismenoides"
0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br /> (0.07 cm0.7 mm <br />7.0e-4 m <br />) +
elongate +
membranous +  and firm +
anatomy +  and kranz +
P.W. Michael +
(E. Fourn.) Hitchc. +
1 (?) +  and 3 (?) +
50 cm500 mm <br />0.5 m <br /> (?) +
0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> (1.6 cm16 mm <br />0.016 m <br />) +
keeled +  and rounded +
pseudopetiolate +  and branching +
divergent +  and parallel +
intravaginal +, extravaginal +, branching +  and basal +
swelling +
membranous +
disarticulating +  and pseudopetiolate +
non-radiate +  and radiate +
10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br /> (35 cm350 mm <br />0.35 m <br />) +
linear +  and linear-lanceolate +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
subsessile +, compound +  and simple +
spikelike +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
not developed +
0.27 cm2.7 mm <br />0.0027 m <br /> (0.29 cm2.9 mm <br />0.0029 m <br />) +
0.17 cm1.7 mm <br />0.0017 m <br /> (0.18 cm1.8 mm <br />0.0018 m <br />) +
sometimes longer +
Chihuahuan barnyard grass +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (100 cm1,000 mm <br />1 m <br />) +
succulent +
0.7-0.9 times as long as the caryopses +
capillary +
germination +
pistillate +  and staminate +
sometimes longer +
compressed +  and terete +
shorter or longer +
subtending +
hispid +, scabrous +  and glabrous +
unequal +
membranous +
papillose-based +
uncinate +
bracteate +  and ebracteate +
solid +  and hollow +
cauline +  and basal +
coriaceous +
membranous +
inconspicuous +
1/4 +  and 2/5 +
complex +  and simple +
concealed +  and prominent +
2 +  and 1 +
subterranean +
15 cm150 mm <br />0.15 m <br /> (30 cm300 mm <br />0.3 m <br />) +
dry +  and fleshy +
appressed;ascending +
elongate +
hispid +  and glabrous +
compressed +
disarticulating +
in triplets +  and paired +
1 +  and 60 +
unisexual +  and bisexual +
planoconvex +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br />) +
1 +  and 3 +
fused +  and free +
2 +  and 3 +
dome--shaped +  and triangular +
Gramineae +
Echinochloa oplismenoides +
Echinochloa +
species +
membranous +
awned +  and muticous +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (0.45 cm4.5 mm <br />0.0045 m <br />) +
1.7mm +  and 1.9mm +
aquatic +  and terrestrial +
dioecious +, monoecious +  and synoecious +