familyPoaceae
subfamilyPoaceae subfam. Panicoideae
tribePoaceae tribe Paniceae
genusDichanthelium
sectionDichanthelium sect. Lanuginosa
speciesDichanthelium acuminatum
subspeciesDichanthelium acuminatum subsp. longiligulatum

Dichanthelium acuminatum subsp. longiligulatum

Mary E. Barkworth
Synonyms: Panicum longiligulatum Panicum acuminatum var. longiligulatum
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 426.
Revision as of 03:02, 30 July 2020 by imported>Volume Importer
(diff) ← Older revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)
Please click on the illustration for a higher resolution version.
Illustrator: Hana Pazdírková, Linda A. Vorobik

Copyright: Utah State University

Very similar to subsp. spretum vegetatively. Fall phase branching profusely from the lower and midculm nodes, producing dense fascicles of reduced branches, blades, and secondary panicles. Cauline blades green or purplish. Primary panicles 3-8 cm, to 3/4 as wide as long, normally expanded; branches numerous, slender, ascending, spikelets densely packed. Spikelets 1.1-1.5 mm, usually ellipsoid, puberulent.

Discussion

Dichanthelium acuminatum subsp. longiligulatum is common, especially in moist pine savannahs and bogs of the coastal plain; it also grows inland to Tennessee, and in Mexico, the West Indies, Central America, and South America. It is similar to subsp. leucothrix, which grows in the same habitat, often at the same sites.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"usually distinctly longer and narrower" is not a number."decumbent" is not a number.

... more about "Dichanthelium acuminatum subsp. longiligulatum"
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2n chromosome quantity
18 +
Abaxial ligule presence
absent +
Abaxial ligule quantity
common +
Adaxial cell presence
absent +
Adaxial cell shape
bulliform +
Adaxial ligule architecture or pubescence or shape
ciliate +
Adaxial ligule presence
absent +
Adaxial ligule texture
membranous +
All architecture
branching +
All orientation
decumbent +, spreading +  and erect +
Anther quantity
3 +
Apex shape
rounded +  and attenuate +
Arm cell presence
absent +
Arm cell quantity
anatomy +  and kranz +
Auricle presence
absent +
Author
Mary E. Barkworth +
Authority
(Sw) Gould & C.A. Clark +
Awn atypical quantity
1 (?) +  and 3 (?) +
Awn orientation
arising +
Awn quantity
single +
Back shape
keeled +  and rounded +
Basal rosette season
winter +
Basal rosette variability
well-differentiated +
Base architecture
pseudopetiolate +  and branching +
Base architecture or shape
cormlike +
Base arrangement
divergent +  and parallel +
Base position
intravaginal +, extravaginal +, branching +  and basal +
Base shape
subcordate +  and rounded +
Base size
swelling +
Base texture
hard +
Base width
thick +
Blade architecture
disarticulating +  and pseudopetiolate +
Blade architecture or arrangement
lax +
Blade coloration
grayish-green +  and olivaceous +
Blade fusion
distinct +
Blade length
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (12 cm120 mm <br />0.12 m <br />) +
Blade orientation
Spreading (?) +  and Reflexed or stiffly ascending (?) +
Blade position
adaxial +
Blade pubescence
pubescent +
Blade shape
ovate +  and lanceolate +
Blade size
reduced +
Blade texture
firm +
Blade width
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (1.2 cm12 mm <br />0.012 m <br />) +
Branch architecture
rebranching +
Branch arrangement
fascicles +
Branch orientation
ascending +
Branch presence
absent +
Branch quantity
numerous +
Branch reproduction
sterile +
Branch shape
spikelike +
Branch size
slender +  and reduced +
Branch some measurement
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
Bristle presence
absent +
Bristle reproduction
sterile +
Callus development
not developed +
Caryopsis architecture or pubescence or relief
smooth +
Caryopsis architecture or shape
cleft +
Caryopsis presence
absent +
Caryopsis shape
terete +  and compressed +
Cauline blade coloration
purplish +  and green +
Cauline leaf length or size
longer +
Cauline leaf quantity
4 (7) +
Cilium architecture
papillose-based +
Cilium length or size
sometimes longer +
Cross-section quantity
3 (?) +
Culm architecture
wiry +
Culm architecture or arrangement or growth form
solitary +
Culm duration
annual +
Culm fragility
weak +
Culm fragility or size
stout +
Culm growth form
climbing +
Culm growth form or location
floating +
Culm growth form or orientation
decumbent +  and sprawling +
Culm growth form or texture
herbaceous +
Culm orientation
decumbent +, ascending +  and erect +
Culm some measurement
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (15 cm150 mm <br />0.15 m <br />) +
Culm texture
rigid +
Distal cell length or size
long +
Distal cell size or width
narrow +
Distribution
Conn. +, N.J. +, N.Y. +, Wash. +, Va. +, Del. +, D.C. +, Wis. +, W.Va. +, Alta. +, B.C. +, Man. +, N.B. +, N.S. +, Ont. +, P.E.I. +, Que. +, Sask. +, Mass. +, Maine +, N.H. +, R.I. +, Vt. +, Fla. +, Wyo. +, N.Mex. +, Tex. +, La. +, Tenn. +, N.C. +, S.C. +, Pa. +, Calif. +, Puerto Rico +, Colo. +, Miss. +, Ala. +, Ark. +, Kans. +, Mo. +, N.Dak. +, Nebr. +, Okla. +, S.Dak. +, Mich. +, Minn. +, Ill. +, Ga. +, Ind. +, Iowa +, Ariz. +, Idaho +, Md. +, Ohio +, Utah +, Oreg. +, Mont. +, Pacific Islands (Hawaii) +, Nev. +  and Ky. +
Embryo quantity
1/2 +
Embryo shape
waisted +
Embryo size
large +
Endosperm texture
hard +
Filament shape
capillary +
Flap character
germination +
Floret architecture
pistillate +  and staminate +
Floret arrangement
adjacent +
Floret atypical quantity
3 +
Floret length or size
sometimes longer +
Floret palea development
well-developed +
Floret palea presence
absent +
Floret palea size
reduced +
Floret quantity
2 +
Floret reproduction
bisexual +
Floret shape
compressed +  and terete +
Fusoid cell presence
absent +
Glume apex architecture
gaping +
Glume architecture or shape
awned +
Glume height or length or size
shorter +
Glume length or size
shorter or longer +
Glume position
subtending +
Glume quantity
2 +
Glume size
unequal +
Glume texture
membranous +
Glume variability
equal +
Hair architecture or shape
awned +
Hair presence
absent +
Hair quantity
lacking +
Hair shape
uncinate +
Hair some measurement
3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br /> (?) +
Hilum arrangement or course or shape
linear +
Hilum coloration or relief
punctate +
Hilum shape
Oval (?) +  and Round (?) +
Illustration
Present +
Illustration copyright
Utah State University +
Illustrator
Linda A. Vorobik +  and Hana Pazdírková +
Inflorescence architecture
bracteate +  and ebracteate +
Inflorescence position
axillary +
Inflorescence position or structure subtype
terminal +
Inflorescences panicle position or structure subtype
terminal +
Internode architecture
branched +
Internode coloration
olive green or grayish-green +  and yellowish-green +
Internode length
elongated +
Internode pubescence
glabrous +  and pubescent +
Layer presence
absent +
Leaf arrangement
distichous +
Leaf margin arrangement
Overlapping (?) +
Leaf position
cauline +  and basal +
Lemma architecture or shape
awned +
Lemma coloration
hyaline +
Lemma texture
coriaceous +
Ligule architecture or pubescence or shape
ciliate +
Ligule derivation
true +
Ligule presence
absent +
Ligule some measurement
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br />) +
Ligule texture
membranous +
Lodicule fusion
free +
Lodicule height or length or size
short +
Lodicule presence
absent +
Lodicule prominence
inconspicuous +
Lodicule pubescence
glabrous +
Lodicule quantity
2 +
Lodicule shape
cuneate +
Lodicule texture
fleshy +
Lower architecture
branching +
Lower floret architecture
staminate +
Lower floret reproduction
sterile +
Lower floret size
reduced +
Lower glume architecture
1-5-veined +
Lower glume quantity
1/4 +  and 1/2 +
Lower glume shape
obtuse +  and acute +
Lower palea height or length or size
shorter +
Lower palea presence
absent +
Lower palea width
thin +
Margin arrangement
separated +
Margin coloration
hyaline +
Margin prominence or shape
flat +
Margin pubescence
glabrous +  and ciliate +
Margin relief
whitish-scabridulous +
Margin shape or vernation
involute +
Microhair presence
absent +
Midculm node density
dense +
Midrib architecture
complex +  and simple +
Node prominence
concealed +  and prominent +
Node pubescence
pubescent +  and glabrous +
Node shape
swollen +
Number of lower taxa
0 +
Other quantity
2 +  and 1 +
Ovary presence
absent +
Ovary pubescence
glabrous +
Palea shape
keeled +
Panicle location
subterranean +
Papilla presence
absent +
Pedicel quantity
1 +
Pericarp arrangement
separating +
Pericarp condition or texture
dry +
Pericarp texture
dry +  and fleshy +
Pericarp width
thin +
Primary panicle architecture
open +
Primary panicle density
dense +
Primary panicle development
developing +
Primary panicle length or size
long +
Primary panicle position
well-exserted +
Primary panicle quantity
0 (3/4) +
Primary panicle reproduction
chasmogamous +
Primary panicle size
expanded +
Primary panicle some measurement
3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br /> (8 cm80 mm <br />0.08 m <br />) +
Pseudoligule arrangement
adjacent +
Rachis prominence
evident +
Rachis pubescence
pilose +, puberulent +  and glabrous +
Reference
None +
Ring coating
viscid +
Ring pubescence
glabrous +
Secondary panicle reproduction
cleistogamous +
Secondary panicle size
small +
Secondary position
higher +
Secondary sheath position
included +
Secondary sheath size
small +
Sheath architecture
open +
Sheath condition
closed +
Sheath height or length or size
usually shorter +
Sheath pubescence
pubescent +, densely +  and glabrous +
Source xml
https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V25/V25 1164.xml +
Spike architecture
complex +
Spike arrangement
bisexual +
Spike reproduction
unisexual +
Spikelet architecture
sessile +
Spikelet arrangement
packed +
Spikelet character
length +
Spikelet coloration
yellowish-green +  and olivaceous or purplish +
Spikelet fixation
attached +
Spikelet presence
absent +
Spikelet pubescence
puberulent +
Spikelet quantity
1 +  and 60 +
Spikelet reproduction
unisexual +  and bisexual +
Spikelet shape
ellipsoid +
Spikelet some measurement
0.11 cm1.1 mm <br />0.0011 m <br /> (0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br />) +
Spikelet variability
varying +
Stamen quantity
1 +  and 3 +
Starch-grain architecture
simple +
Stigma coloration
red +
Style-branch arrangement
close +
Style-branch atypical quantity
4 +  and 1 +
Style-branch fusion
fused +  and free +
Style-branch quantity
2 (?) +
Style quantity
2 +  and 3 +
Subsidiary-cell shape
dome--shaped +  and triangular +
Surface shape
convex +
Synonyms
Panicum longiligulatum +  and Panicum acuminatum var. longiligulatum +
Taxon family
Poaceae +
Taxon name
Dichanthelium acuminatum subsp. longiligulatum +
Taxon parent
Dichanthelium acuminatum +
Taxon rank
subspecies +
Tissue coloration
hyaline +
Tissue texture
membranous +
Upper floret architecture
sessile +
Upper floret length
0.11 cm1.1 mm <br />0.0011 m <br /> (0.17 cm1.7 mm <br />0.0017 m <br />) +
Upper floret reproduction
bisexual +
Upper floret shape
obtuse +  and acute or minutely umbonate or apiculate +
Upper floret size
plump +
Upper floret variability
equaling +
Upper floret width
0.06 cm0.6 mm <br />6.0e-4 m <br /> (0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br />) +
Upper glume architecture
veined +
Upper glume architecture or shape
not saccate +
Upper glume height or length or size
shorter +
Upper glume presence
absent +
Upper glume size
subequal +
Upper lemma coloration or pubescence or relief
striate +
Upper lemma pubescence
glabrous +
Upper lemma reflectance
shiny +
Upper lemma texture
chartaceous-indurate +
Upper lower lemma architecture
veined +
Upper lower lemma size
subequal +
Upper palea coloration or pubescence or relief
striate +
Uppermost blade architecture
branching +
Uppermost blade arrangement
fascicles +
Uppermost blade density
dense +
Uppermost blade orientation
decumbent +, spreading +  and erect +
Uppermost blade shape
involute +  and flat +
Uppermost blade size
reduced +
Uppermost branchlet architecture
branching +
Uppermost branchlet arrangement
fascicles +
Uppermost branchlet density
dense +
Uppermost branchlet orientation
decumbent +, spreading +  and erect +
Uppermost node architecture
branching +
Uppermost node orientation
decumbent +, spreading +  and erect +
Uppermost secondary panicle architecture
branching +
Uppermost secondary panicle arrangement
fascicles +
Uppermost secondary panicle density
dense +
Uppermost secondary panicle orientation
decumbent +, spreading +  and erect +
Uppermost secondary panicle shape
involute +  and flat +
Uppermost secondary panicle size
reduced +
Uppermost secondary spikelet architecture
branching +
Uppermost secondary spikelet arrangement
fascicles +
Uppermost secondary spikelet density
dense +
Uppermost secondary spikelet orientation
decumbent +, spreading +  and erect +
Uppermost secondary spikelet quantity
few +
Uppermost secondary spikelet shape
involute +  and flat +
Uppermost secondary spikelet size
reduced +
Vein presence
absent +
Vein quantity
2 (?) +
Vein size
major +
Volume
Volume 25 +
Whole organism architecture
rhizomatous +
Whole organism arrangement or pubescence
tufted +
Whole organism duration
perennial +
Whole organism growth form
plant +
Whole organism growth form or habitat
aquatic +  and terrestrial +
Whole organism growth form or texture
herbaceous +
Whole organism reproduction
dioecious +, monoecious +  and synoecious +
Whole organism variability
various +
X chromosome atypical quantity
14 +, 12 +  and 7 +
X chromosome quantity
9 +