Ammannia coccinea

Rottbøll

Pl. Horti Univ. Rar. Progr., 7. 1773.

Synonyms: Ammannia coccinea subsp. purpurea (Lamarck) Koehne A. latifolia var. octandra A. Gray A. purpurea Lamarck A. sanguinolenta subsp. purpurea (Lamarck) Koehne A. stylosa Fischer & C. A. Meyer A. teres Rafinesque A. texana Scheele
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 10.

Herbs annual, robust, 2–10 dm. Stems erect, much-branched distal to base. Leaf-blades usually lanceolate to linear-oblong, rarely elliptic to spatulate, 20–80 × 2–15 mm. Inflorescences simple or compound cymes, (1–) 3–7 (–15) -flowered mid-stem; peduncle stout, (1–) 3–9 mm. Pedicels stout, 1–2 mm. Floral-tube campanulate to urceolate, (2.5–) 3–5 mm; epicalyx segments as long as sepals; sepals 4 (or 5); petals 4 (or 5), deep rose-purple, sometimes with darker rose-purple basal spot, 2 × 2 mm; stamens 4 (–7); anthers deep yellow; style slender, well-exserted, 2–3.5 mm; stigma capitate. Capsules 3.5–5 mm diam., equal to or surpassing sepals, splitting irregularly. 2n = 66.


Phenology: Flowering late spring–late fall.
Habitat: Freshwater marshes, margins of pools and lakes, drying mud and sand flats, ditches, rice fields.
Elevation: 10–1500 m.

Distribution

B.C., Ala., Ariz., Ark., Calif., Colo., Fla., Ga., Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky., La., Md., Miss., Mo., Nebr., N.J., N.Mex., N.C., Ohio, Okla., Pa., S.C., S.Dak., Tenn., Tex., W.Va., Mexico, West Indies, Central America, Europe (Italy), Europe (Spain), Asia (Afghanistan), Africa (Sudan), Pacific Islands (Guam), Pacific Islands (Hawaii), widely in s Europe, else­where in Asia, Africa, other Pacific Islands, Australia

Discussion

Ammannia coccinea is considered an amphidiploid (n = 33) derived from A. auriculata (n = 16 in North America) and A. robusta (n = 17) (S. A. Graham 1979). The species displays a wide range of morphological variability, approaching at extremes each of the putative parents and making identification occasionally difficult, especially in recognizing co-occurring A. coccinea and A. robusta. Differences in petal and anther color are important distinctions, easily determined in the field but not always apparent on herbarium specimens. Occasional specimens of A. coccinea that approach A. auriculata in peduncle length or flower number are best recognized by the larger flowers of A. coccinea. Care must be taken in determining style length because the aging style of A. coccinea tends to break away leaving a short stump that resembles the true short style of A. latifolia.

Ammannia coccinea is native to North America but disjunctly distributed around the world as a result of introductions through rice culture.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.
... more about "Ammannia coccinea"
dehiscent +  and introrse +
Shirley A. Graham +
Rottbøll +
darker rose-purple +
auriculate +  and cordate +
brochidodromous +
spatulate +, elliptic +, lanceolate +, linear-oblong +, oblong +, linear-lanceolate +  and linear +
membranous +
0.35 cm3.5 mm <br />0.0035 m <br /> (0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br />) +
complanate +
persistent +
obconic +, cylindrical +, urceolate +, turbinate +  and campanulate +
B.C. +, Ala. +, Ariz. +, Ark. +, Calif. +, Colo. +, Fla. +, Ga. +, Ill. +, Ind. +, Iowa +, Kans. +, Ky. +, La. +, Md. +, Miss. +, Mo. +, Nebr. +, N.J. +, N.Mex. +, N.C. +, Ohio +, Okla. +, Pa. +, S.C. +, S.Dak. +, Tenn. +, Tex. +, W.Va. +, Mexico +, West Indies +, Central America +, Europe (Italy) +, Europe (Spain) +, Asia (Afghanistan) +, Africa (Sudan) +, Pacific Islands (Guam) +, Pacific Islands (Hawaii) +, widely in s Europe +, elsewhere in Asia +, Africa +, other Pacific Islands +  and Australia +
indehiscent +, septifragal +, septicidal +, loculicidal +  and dehiscence +
2-4-horned +
10–1500 m. +
0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
campanulate +  and urceolate +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br />) +
actinomorphic +, pedicellate +, subsessile +  and sessile +
trichomelike +
Freshwater marshes, margins of pools and lakes, drying mud and sand flats, ditches, rice fields. +
amphibious +  and terrestrial +
compound +  and simple +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (8 cm80 mm <br />0.08 m <br />) +
usually lanceolate +  and linear-oblong rarely elliptic +
deciduous +
submerged +  and emergent +
(1-)3-7(-15)-flowered +
distinct +
1 +  and 1400 +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.9 cm9 mm <br />0.009 m <br />) +
pinnately-veined +
rose-purple +
distinct +
obovate +  and suborbiculate +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (?) +
Flowering late spring–late fall. +
Pl. Horti Univ. Rar. Progr., +
not +  and winged +
0.03 cm0.3 mm <br />3.0e-4 m <br /> (?) +  and 0.04 cm0.4 mm <br />4.0e-4 m <br /> (?) +
3 +  and 250 +
concave-convex +, obovoid +  and semiglobose +
0.03 cm0.3 mm <br />3.0e-4 m <br /> (?) +  and 0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br /> (?) +
alternating +
persistent +
subulate +  and deltate +
much-branched +
anthocyanic +
creeping +  and decumbent +
submerged +
not throughout +  and glaucous +
4-angled +
punctiform +  and capitate +
petiolate +, subsessile +  and sessile +
well-exserted +
slender +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (?) +  and 0.35 cm3.5 mm <br />0.0035 m <br /> (?) +
not +  and clonal +
aquatic +, amphibious +  and terrestrial +
Ammannia coccinea subsp. purpurea +, A. latifolia var. octandra +, A. purpurea +, A. sanguinolenta subsp. purpurea +, A. stylosa +, A. teres +  and A. texana +
Ammannia coccinea +
Ammannia +
species +
aerenchymatous +
circumscissile +  and indehiscent +
indurated +, leathery +  and dry +
1 +  and 2 +