familyFumariaceae
genusDicentra
speciesDicentra formosa

Dicentra formosa

(Haworth) Walpers

Repert. Bot. Syst. 1: 118. 1842.

Kingsley R. Stern
Common names: Pacific bleeding-heart
IllustratedEndemic
Basionym: Fumaria formosa Haworth Bot. Repos. 6: plate 393. 1800
Synonyms: Dicentra saccata (Nuttall ex Torrey & A. Gray) Walpers
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3.

Plants perennial, scapose, from elongate, stout rhizomes. Leaves (15-) 25-40 (-55) × (8-) 12-20 (-35) cm; blade with 3-5 orders of leaflets and lobes; abaxial surface and sometimes adaxial surface glaucous; penultimate lobes oblong, distal ones usually coarsely 3-toothed at apex, (4-) 10-20 (-50) × (1.5-) 3-4 (-8) mm. Inflorescences paniculate, 2-30-flowered, usually exceeding leaves; bracts linear-lanceolate, 4-7 (-12) × 1-2 mm, apex acuminate. Flowers pendent; sepals lanceolate to ovate or nearly round, 2-7 × 2-3 mm; petals rose-purple, pink, cream, or pale-yellow, rarely white; outer petals (12-) 16-19 (-24) × 3-6 mm, reflexed portion 2-5 mm; inner petals (12-) 15-18 (-22) mm, blade 2-4 mm wide, claw linear-elliptic to linear-lanceolate, 7-10 (-12) × 1-2 mm, crest 1-2 mm diam., exceeding apex by 1-2 mm; filaments of each bundle connate from base to shortly below anthers except for a 2-3 mm portion of median filament just above base; nectariferous tissue borne along distinct portion of median filament; style 3-9 mm; stigma rhomboid, 2-horned. Capsules oblong, 4-5 mm diam. Seeds reniform, ca. 2 mm diam., finely reticulate, elaiosome present.

Distribution

B.C., Calif., Oreg., Wash.

Discussion

Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora).

Andrews has been cited almost universally as the author of Fumaria formosa. However, Haworth's authorship of the sixth volume of Andrews' Botanists' Repository (in which this species was originally described) generally has been overlooked, and it was actually Haworth who first delineated F. formosa (W. T. Stearn 1944).

Early attempts to cross Dicentra formosa with D. eximia (2n = 16) failed, possibly because the D. formosa parents were tetraploids. Several later hybrids between the two species received plant patents and have become widely marketed throughout the flora area and elsewhere (K. R. Stern 1961, 1968; K. R. Stern and M. Ownbey 1971).

Both subspecies, as well as hybrids between them and Dicentra eximia, are widely cultivated.

The Skagit used a decoction of the roots of Dicentra formosa to expel worms; they chewed raw roots for toothaches (D. E. Moerman 1986, species not indicated).

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

Key

1 Petals rose-purple to pink, rarely white; leaf blades adaxially not glaucous (rarely glaucescent). Dicentra formosa subsp. formosa
1 Petals cream-colored or rarely pale yellow, rose-tipped; leaf blades adaxially distinctly glaucous. Dicentra formosa subsp. oregana
... more about "Dicentra formosa"
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Abaxial median crest architecture
hollow +
Abaxial median crest relief
wrinkled +
Abaxial median crest texture
membranous +
Abaxial surface position
adaxial +
Abaxial surface pubescence
glaucous +
Anther arrangement
connivent +
Apex atypical length
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br />) +
Apex atypical width
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br />) +
Apex length
10mm;20mm +
Apex shape
acuminate +
Apex width
3mm;4mm +
Apical horn quantity
2 (8) +
Author
Kingsley R. Stern +
Authority
(Haworth) Walpers +
Base shape
swollen +
Basionyms
Fumaria formosa +
Blade width
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
Bract atypical length
0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br /> (1.2 cm12 mm <br />0.012 m <br />) +
Bract length
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br />) +
Bract presence
absent +
Bract shape
linear-lanceolate +
Bract width
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
Bundle filament fusion
connate +
Bundle quantity
2 +
Capsule architecture
2-valved +
Capsule dehiscence
dehiscent +  and indehiscent +
Capsule diameter
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br />) +
Capsule shape
oblong +
Claw atypical length
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (1.2 cm12 mm <br />0.012 m <br />) +
Claw length
0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
Claw shape
linear-elliptic +  and linear-lanceolate +
Claw width
1mm;2mm +
Common name
Pacific bleeding-heart +
Corolla shape
cordate +  and oblong +
Crest diameter
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
Distribution
B.C. +, Calif. +, Oreg. +  and Wash. +
Elaiosome presence
absent +
Flower architecture or shape
symmetric +
Flower orientation
pendent +
Flower quantity
1 +
Flower shape
each +  and plane +
Fruit architecture
capsular +
Fruit arrangement or dehiscence
valvate +
Fruit dehiscence
dehiscent +  and indehiscent +
Horn quantity
2 (?) +
Illustration copyright
Flora of North America Association +
Illustrator
John Myers +
Inflorescence architecture
2-30-flowered +
Inflorescence arrangement
paniculate +
Inflorescence position
terminal +, leaf-opposed +, extra-axillary +  and axillary +
Inner petal atypical some measurement
1.8 cm18 mm <br />0.018 m <br /> (2.2 cm22 mm <br />0.022 m <br />) +
Inner petal fusion
connate +
Inner petal shape
clawed +
Inner petal some measurement
1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br /> (1.8 cm18 mm <br />0.018 m <br />) +
Inner petal variability
alike +
Lateral anther architecture or structure in adjective form
1-locular +
Lateral papilla quantity
2 +
Leaf architecture
compound +
Leaf arrangement
alternate +
Leaf atypical length
40 cm400 mm <br />0.4 m <br /> (55 cm550 mm <br />0.55 m <br />) +
Leaf atypical width
20 cm200 mm <br />0.2 m <br /> (35 cm350 mm <br />0.35 m <br />) +
Leaf length
25 cm250 mm <br />0.25 m <br /> (40 cm400 mm <br />0.4 m <br />) +
Leaf position
cauline +  and basal +
Leaf width
12 cm120 mm <br />0.12 m <br /> (20 cm200 mm <br />0.2 m <br />) +
Lobe quantity
2 (?) +
Margin shape
serrate +, crenate +  and entire +
Median anther architecture or structure in adjective form
2-locular +
Median filament fusion
distinct +
Number of lower taxa
2 +
Order architecture
odd-pinnate +
Order quantity
3 (5) +
Outer petal arrangement
adjacent +
Outer petal atypical length
1.9 cm19 mm <br />0.019 m <br /> (2.4 cm24 mm <br />0.024 m <br />) +
Outer petal length
1.6 cm16 mm <br />0.016 m <br /> (1.9 cm19 mm <br />0.019 m <br />) +
Outer petal quantity
3 +, both +  and 1 +
Outer petal shape
keeled +, spurred +  and swollen +
Outer petal variability
dissimilar +  and alike +
Outer petal width
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br />) +
Ovary architecture or structure in adjective form
1-locular +
Ovary shape
obovoid;narrowly cylindric +
Pedicel presence
absent +
Peduncle presence
absent +
Penultimate lobe position or shape
distal +
Penultimate lobe shape
3-toothed +  and oblong +
Petal coloration
white;pale-yellow;cream;pale-yellow;cream;pink;rose-purple +
Petal fusion
connate +  and coherent +
Petal quantity
4 +
Petal texture
not spongy +
Pistil architecture
2-carpellate +
Pistil quantity
1 +
Placenta arrangement
parietal +
Plane orientation
perpendicular +
Plane quantity
2 +
Portion fusion
distinct +
Portion orientation
reflexed +
Portion some measurement
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
Publication title
Repert. Bot. Syst. +
Publication year
1842 +
Reference
None +
Rhizome fragility or size
stout +
Rhizome shape
elongate +
Sap coloration
clear +
Seed architecture or coloration or relief
reticulate +
Seed diameter
2 +
Seed quantity
few;many +
Seed shape
reniform +
Seed size
small +
Sepal duration
caducous +
Sepal length
? (?) +
Sepal quantity
2 +
Sepal shape
lanceolate +  and ovate or nearly round +
Sepal width
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
Source xml
https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V3/V3 1080.xml +
Special status
Illustrated +  and Endemic +
Stamen quantity
6 +
Stem architecture
hollow +, branching +  and simple +
Stem growth form
climbing +  and prostrate +
Stem orientation
erect +
Stigma duration
persistent +
Stigma quantity
1 +
Stigma shape
2-horned +  and rhomboid +
Stigmatic surface shape
papillar +
Style shape
thread-like +
Style some measurement
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (?) +  and 0.9 cm9 mm <br />0.009 m <br /> (?) +
Style texture
rigid +
Surface pubescence
glaucous +  and glabrous +
Synonyms
Dicentra saccata +
Taxon family
Fumariaceae +
Taxon name
Dicentra formosa +
Taxon parent
Dicentra +
Taxon rank
species +
Volume
Volume 3 +
Whole organism architecture
scapose +
Whole organism duration
perennial +
Whole organism growth form
plant +
Whorl quantity
2 +
X chromosome quantity
8 +