View source for Dioscoreaceae

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Dioscoreaceae
|accepted_authority=R. Brown
|publications=
|common_names=Yam Family
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Dioscoreaceae
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Dioscoreaceae]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 26
|mention_page=page 11, 12, 480
|treatment_page=page 479
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism growth form;geophyte duration;rhizome texture"><b>Vines </b>[herbs], geophytes perennating from fleshy rhizomes or tubers.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem duration;stem duration;stem duration;stem quantity;stem growth form;stem growth form;stem orientation"><b>Stems </b>renewed annually or occasionally persisting for more than a single growing season, twining-climbing, procumbent, or seldom erect;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="vascular-bundle arrangement;concentric circle quantity">vascular-bundles commonly arranged in 2 concentric circles.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaf arrangement;leaf arrangement;leaf arrangement;leaf arrangement;leaf arrangement"><b>Leaves </b>alternate, opposite, or whorled at basal nodes;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="blade architecture;blade architecture;blade shape;blade architecture">blades simple or occasionally digitately compound, typically cordate, reticulate-veined;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="principal vein course or shape;principal vein orientation">principal veins arcuate, ascending from base to apex;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="margin architecture or shape;margin shape">margins entire or sometimes palmately lobed;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="stipule presence;stipule architecture">stipules absent, rarely stipulate, never with tendrils;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="pulvinu fusion">petioles typically with distinct pulvinus at each end.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="inflorescence position;inflorescence architecture or arrangement or growth form;inflorescence architecture or arrangement or growth form;inflorescence architecture;inflorescence architecture;inflorescence size;inflorescence unit quantity;inflorescence unit architecture;inflorescence unit arrangement;inflorescence unit architecture;inflorescence unit architecture;inflorescence unit arrangement;inflorescence unit architecture;flower quantity"><b>Inflorescences </b>axillary, solitary or in fascicles of 2–7, branched and paniculate, or unbranched and spicate or racemose, ultimate inflorescence unit cymose, sessile or pedunculate, often reduced to 1 flower.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="flower reproduction;flower architecture;flower architecture;flower architecture;flower architecture;flower reproduction"><b>Flowers </b>unisexual, staminate and pistillate flowers on different plants, rarely staminate and pistillate flowers on same plant or bisexual;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="perianth position;perianth shape;perianth shape">perianth epigynous, rotate, campanulate, or funnelform;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="tepal quantity;tepal architecture;tepal fusion;whorl quantity;whorl quantity">tepals 6, petaloid, in 2 similar whorls of 3, connate at least basally;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="stamen quantity;stamen presence;whorl quantity;whorl reproduction;inner whorl quantity">stamens 6, in 2 whorls of 3, inner whorl sometimes sterile or absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="perianth filament fusion">filaments distinct [connate basally or completely into tube], inserted at base of perianth;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="anther architecture or structure in adjective form;anther architecture;anther dehiscence;slit dehiscence or orientation;theca fusion;theca fusion;theca shape;connective architecture">anthers 2-locular, tetrasporangiate, dehiscing by longitudinal slits, thecae distinct or sometimes connate, rarely divided by a long-appendiculate connective;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="pistil quantity">pistils 3;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="ovary architecture or structure in adjective form;ovule orientation;ovule quantity;ovule arrangement;ovule arrangement;ovule arrangement">ovary (1–) 3-locular, ovules anatropous, 2 (–many) per locule, placentation axile or parietal;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="style quantity;style fusion">styles 3, ± distinct.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="fruit architecture;fruit architecture;fruit architecture;fruit dehiscence"><b>Fruits </b>capsular, rarely baccate or samarate, dehiscence loculicidal.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties="seed shape;seed shape;seed architecture;seed architecture;embryo size;endosperm quantity;endosperm architecture"><b>Seeds </b>flattened or globose, winged or unwinged, embryo small, endosperm copious, starchless.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Pantropical;of both humid and arid regions;with few temperate outliers in Europe;Asia;and North America
|discussion=<p>Genera (3–)7(–more than 20), species ca. 650 (1 genus, 6 species in the flora; 4 species introduced)</p><!--
--><p>Circumscription of the Dioscoreaceae remains controversial. A strict interpretation of the family, adhering to the original taxonomic concept of R. Brown, would include only Dioscorea Linnaeus (ca. 600 species), Tamus Linnaeus (5 species, Mediterranean), and Rajania Linnaeus (25 species, West Indies); recent systematic studies by L. R. Caddick et al. (2000) portray Dioscorea as subsuming the latter two genera. In its broad sense (I. H. Burkill 1960; L. R. Caddick et al. 2000; R. Knuth 1924), the family includes the bisexual genera Avetra H. Perrier (1 species, Madagascar), Trichopus Gaertner (1 species, Indo-Malaysia), and Stenomeris Planchon (2 species, Malaysia), each of which has also been recognized at the family level (R. M. T. Dahlgren et al. 1985; J. Hutchinson 1973; A. L. Takhtajan 1997). Tacca J. R. Forster & G. Forster (10 species, Malaysia; Taccaceae) is closely allied with Avetra and Trichopus, (L. R. Caddick et al. 2000) and the broadest interpretation of the Dioscoreaceae (adopted here) includes Tacca as well. Only Dioscorea is represented in the flora.</p><!--
--><p>Genera (3–)7(–more than 20), species ca. 650 (1 genus, 6 species in the flora</p>
|tables=
|references=
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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Dioscoreaceae
|author=Lauren Raz
|authority=R. Brown
|rank=family
|parent rank=
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Dioscoreaceae
|illustrator=John Myers
|illustration copyright=Flora of North America Association
|distribution=Pantropical;of both humid and arid regions;with few temperate outliers in Europe;Asia;and North America
|reference=None
|publication title=
|publication year=
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V26/V26_1000.xml
|anther architecture=tetrasporangiate
|anther architecture or structure in adjective form=2-locular
|anther dehiscence=dehiscing
|blade architecture=reticulate-veined;compound;simple
|blade shape=cordate
|concentric circle quantity=2
|connective architecture=long-appendiculate
|embryo size=small
|endosperm architecture=starchless
|endosperm quantity=copious
|flower architecture=pistillate;staminate;pistillate;staminate
|flower quantity=1
|flower reproduction=bisexual;unisexual
|fruit architecture=samarate;baccate;capsular
|fruit dehiscence=loculicidal
|geophyte duration=perennating
|inflorescence architecture=pedunculate;sessile
|inflorescence architecture or arrangement or growth form=in fascicles;solitary
|inflorescence position=axillary
|inflorescence size=reduced
|inflorescence unit architecture=cymose;spicate;unbranched;branched
|inflorescence unit arrangement=racemose;paniculate
|inflorescence unit quantity=2;7
|inner whorl quantity=3
|leaf arrangement=whorled;opposite;whorled;opposite;alternate
|margin architecture or shape=entire
|margin shape=lobed
|ovary architecture or structure in adjective form=(1-)3-locular
|ovule arrangement=parietal;axile;placentation
|ovule orientation=anatropous
|ovule quantity=2
|perianth filament fusion=distinct
|perianth position=epigynous
|perianth shape=campanulate;rotate
|pistil quantity=3
|principal vein course or shape=arcuate
|principal vein orientation=ascending
|pulvinu fusion=distinct
|rhizome texture=fleshy
|seed architecture=unwinged;winged
|seed shape=globose;flattened
|slit dehiscence or orientation=longitudinal
|stamen presence=absent
|stamen quantity=6
|stem duration=persisting;or;renewed
|stem growth form=procumbent;twining-climbing
|stem orientation=erect
|stem quantity=than for more a single growing season
|stipule architecture=stipulate
|stipule presence=absent
|style fusion=distinct
|style quantity=3
|tepal architecture=petaloid
|tepal fusion=connate
|tepal quantity=6
|theca fusion=connate;distinct
|theca shape=divided
|vascular-bundle arrangement=arranged
|whole_organism growth form=vine
|whorl quantity=2;3;2
|whorl reproduction=sterile
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