follows; stems: short (less than 1 cm), medium (1–3 cm), long (more than 3 cm); leaves: small (less than 1.5 mm), medium (1.5–3 mm), large (3–4 mm), robust
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disc-florets rarely subtended by paleae in Amblyolepis). Ray-florets 0, or 1–55 (in 1–3 series), pistillate and fertile, or styliferous and sterile, or neuter;
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series, pistillate florets in 2–8 series, bisexual florets 10(–30), corollas yellow, 4-lobed, and cypselae obovoid, 1–1.5 mm, epappose. Traditionally, Centipeda
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sometimes flattened and cucullate (lengths usually 1–2+ times diams., sometimes finely striate or 1–5-nerved, corky-winged in Dicoria and winged margins
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or less drooping, some branches longer than 1 cm. Spikelets pedicellate, weakly laterally compressed, with 1 (2) florets; rachillas prolonged beyond the
24 KB (1,813 words) - 02:43, 30 July 2020
node, 0.3–2.5 × 0.2–1.8 cm, usually scalelike distally, 1–5 × 0.5–3 mm. Involucres 1 per node, turbinate to campanulate, 1–6 × (1–) 1.5–10 mm, tomentose
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purplish in E. capillaris and E. eastwoodiae), linear-lanceolate to ovate, 1.8–12 mm, margins white, scarious, apex obtuse or rounded to acute, acuminate
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glabrous; ovary 3-locular, ovules (1–) 2 per locule, 1-seriate. Capsules 3-valved, 3-locular. Seeds 2 per locule (1 in T. spathacea); hilum oblong to linear;
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or barbellulate to barbellate, sometimes plumose or subplumose bristles in 1 series. x = 9. North America, Mexico, Central America Species ca. 100 (32 in
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fusiform to turbinate or broadly campanulate, 1–12+ mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, 3–21+ in 1–2 series (connate to 7/8+ their lengths, usually streaked and/or
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usually resinous. Leaves dimorphic, spirally arranged; foliage leaves (needles) (1–) 2–5 (–6) per fascicle, persisting 2–12 or more years, terete or ± 2–3-angled
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petiolate (basal) or sessile (usually appressed to ascending); blades usually 1-nerved, sometimes 3-nerved or 5-nerved, mostly linear to ovatelanceolate, margins
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caulescent plants with 0–11 (–22) basal leaves per caudex, acaulescent plants with 1–12 (–18) leaves per rhizome, prostrate to erect; stipules adnate to petiole
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suture, rarely whorls of flimsy 1-seeded utricles (Sedella) or capsules of basally connate pistils (Diamorpha, Jovibarba). Seeds 1–20+ per carpel, brownish,
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veins free, arranged like ribs of fan or pinnate. Sporophores normally 1 per leaf, 1–3-pinnate, long-stalked, borne at ground level to high on common stalk
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Mirabilis sect. Oxybaphus, Mirabilis sect. Quamoclidion Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 177. 1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 82. 1754. Richard W. Spellenberg Common names:
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linear, lyrate, oblanceolate, oblong, ovate, pandurate, or spatulate, often 1–2-pinnately lobed or pinnatifid, ultimate margins entire, dentate, serrate
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subtended by 1-several, terete bristles (sterile branchlets). Lower glumes membranous, not saccate, less than 1/2 as long as the spikelets, 1-7-veined; upper
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erect. Leaves basal and cauline; alternate; petiolate or sessile; blades (1–7-nerved) mostly cuneate, elliptic, lanceolate, linear, oblanceolate, or spatulate
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cross-sections non-kranz. Inflorescences usually spikes or spikelike racemes, with 1-5 sessile or subsessile spikelets per node, occasionally panicles, sometimes
19 KB (1,548 words) - 02:55, 30 July 2020
2–9-carpelled; ovary 1, superior (half-inferior to inferior in Portulaca), 1-locular throughout or initially plurilocular and becoming 1-locular distally (in
13 KB (722 words) - 09:43, 30 July 2020
335, 336, 352, 354, 363, 380. Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, 1–200 cm. Stems erect or decumbent, usually branched (proximally, distally, or ±
13 KB (1,037 words) - 23:55, 29 July 2020
glabrous. Seeds brown or dark-brown, angled, angled-elongate, or disciform, 1.8–5.4 mm. North America, n Mexico Species 20 (20 in the flora). D. D. Keck (1951)
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from or 1/4–3/4 adnate to ovary, free to 0.5 mm, usually green, rarely purplish; sepals 5, green, sometimes reddish at tips; petals 5 (absent or 1–5 in M
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with 1 floret, sometimes with 2-6 florets, laterally compressed to terete; rachillas not prolonged beyond the base of the floret in spikelets with 1 floret
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terminal spike staminate. Proximal pistillate scales white-hyaline or redbrown, 1–3-veined, apex obtuse to acuminate or cuspidate, rarely awned. Perigynia ascending
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florets, sometimes initially at the panicle base. Glumes (1) 1.3-2 (4) times longer than the lemmas, 1 (3) -veined, glabrous, usually mostly smooth, vein (s)
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epidermis adaxially or on both sides, 1 or 2 stereid bands, the abaxial stereid band usually rounded or reniform, guide cells in 1 (–3) layers, hydroid strand occasionally
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or 6; style 1; stigmas 3. Capsules 3-valved, longitudinally dehiscent from apex, valves not deciduous, margins hygroscopic, involute. Seeds (1–) 3–6, black
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Physaria vitulifera (Nuttall ex Torrey & A. Gray) A. Gray Gen. Amer. Bor. 1: 162. 1848. Steve L. O’Kane Jr. Common names: Bladderpod Etymology: Greek physa
40 KB (1,647 words) - 11:54, 30 July 2020
rounded, almost isodiametric, 6–24 µm, papillose only over lumina, papillae 1–4 per cell, conic or 2-fid; marginal cells gradually shorter than basal. Sexual
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occasionally 1-locular, 3-angled, ovoid, or cylindrical, with axillary or rarely parietal placentation; style included or exserted; stigmas 1 or 3, 3-lobed
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primary-stems and shoots, (1–) 4–30 (–50) -flowered, usually panicles, sometimes corymbs, glabrous; bracts absent or present, (0 or) 1–3 (–8); bracteoles absent
23 KB (1,822 words) - 13:48, 30 July 2020
309. Mentioned on page 395. Biennials or perennials, to 120 cm. Stems erect, often scapiform (1 stem per crown in biennials, usually 3+ in perennials). Leaves
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Inflorescences axillary and/or terminal, 1-many-flowered cymes or panicles or flowers solitary or in fascicles, to 15 cm; bracts present and leaflike or ± scalelike
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having 6-8 sepals and brown or black (never white) rhizomes with a 3-5 mm diameter in contrast to the 5 sepals and white or black rhizomes with 1-3 mmdiameter
19 KB (1,214 words) - 15:30, 15 December 2020
Oxalis triangularis, Oxalis trilliifolia, Oxalis violacea Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 433. 1753. Guy L. Nesom Common names: Wood-sorrel sourgrass false shamrock
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sessile or setose-glandular; bracts persistent, 1–3, margins entire or serrate, sometimes undulate. Flowers 1–9 cm diam.; hypanthium globose to depressed-globose
24 KB (1,103 words) - 13:51, 30 July 2020
Argus Basionym: Salix sect. Chamaetia Dumortier Bijdr. Natuurk. Wetensch. 1: 56. 1826 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 7. Treatment on page 60. Mentioned
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to long cylindric, sometimes tapering distally, (1–) 2–70 (–130) [–200] × (0.6–) 1–15 cm, less than 40 cm at flowering, skin hard and brittle (less often
24 KB (1,147 words) - 09:19, 30 July 2020
> 21 21 Petioles 0.5–1 mm; leaves often fascicled, blades 2–10 × 1–6 mm; se United States. Ceanothus microphyllus 21 Petioles (1–)1.5–12 mm; leaves not
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with stalks less than 1/2 as long as the diameter of the distal gland, long-stipitate-glandular to hairs with stalks clearly visible, 1–3-times longer than
23 KB (1,156 words) - 22:11, 29 July 2020
dilated; staminodes absent between stamens and pistils; pistils 1-16, simple; ovule 1 per pistil; style present or absent. Fruits achenes, usually aggregate
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to subspheric, angular to squarish or circular, often warped, 1.9–7 mm, commonly bearing 1–4 large depressions per side due to pressure from adjacent developing
17 KB (804 words) - 09:14, 30 July 2020
to broadly pyriform or urceolate, 1–6 [–10] mm, neck sometimes 1+ times urn length; exothecial cells near mouth in 1–3+ rows, medial cell-walls straight
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subshrubs, or shrubs, 10–80 (–200+) cm (often rhizomatous or with cormiform bases, stoloniferous in C. auriculata). Stems usually 1, erect, branched distally or
12 KB (827 words) - 23:22, 29 July 2020
units 1-600+ per culm; peduncles initially concealed by the subtending leaf-sheaths, sometimes exserted beyond the sheaths at maturity, with (1) 2-5 (13)
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(peripheral pistillate florets in disciform heads usually 1–20, their corollas filiform; corollas of 1–3 pistillate florets in heads of A. bigelovii sometimes
14 KB (1,396 words) - 20:45, 29 July 2020
in cross-section when young, glabrous. Inflorescences racemose or, rarely, 1–2 branched proximally, with 3–15 spikes; proximal bracts filiform or leaflike
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orbiculate, base clawed; stamens (8–) 10–20 (–23) in 1 or 2 series, shorter than petals; carpels 1–5, distinct, adnate to proximal 1/2 of hypanthium, glabrous
31 KB (1,652 words) - 14:31, 30 July 2020
involucral-bracts 1–6, spreading or rarely the proximal erect, leaflike. Spikelets: scales spirally or distichously arranged, each subtending flower; 1 or more proximal
38 KB (1,253 words) - 01:40, 30 July 2020
laterally compressed at anthesis, with (3) 4-14 (16) florets. Lower glumes 1-3-veined; upper glumes 3-5-veined; lemmas elliptic to lanceolate, rounded over
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rarely navicular-sigmoid, dehiscing completely, rarely incompletely, proximal 1/5–1/2 indehiscent, connective splitting, rarely not, sides glabrous, sutures
21 KB (880 words) - 19:09, 29 July 2020
Vol. 1, part C, pp. 149–186. Lövkvist, B. 1956. The Cardamine pratensis complex—Outlines of its cytogenetics and taxonomy. Symb. Bot. Upsal. 14(2): 1–131
23 KB (1,239 words) - 12:23, 30 July 2020
to pistil or petals; pistils 1 or 3, distinct or partially connate, each bearing 1 ovule and 1 stigma, or 1 pistil bearing 1–3 ovules and 3 stigmas; styles
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turbinate (campanulo-hemispheric upon drying), (3–14 ×) 3.8–23 mm. Phyllaries 26–80 in 3–5 series, 1-nerved (usually raised; keeled proximally), lanceolate
25 KB (1,511 words) - 21:54, 29 July 2020
Minuartia uniflora, Minuartia yukonensis Loefling in C. Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 89. 1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 39. 1754. Richard K. Rabeler, Ronald L. Hartman
25 KB (1,236 words) - 10:19, 30 July 2020
long-creeping; scales basally attached, clathrate. Petioles not articulate. Blades 1–4-pinnate, of diverse size and shape. Indusia present. x = 36. Worldwide Species
11 KB (330 words) - 00:25, 30 July 2020
lobed than leaves. Fruits erect. Seeds rectangular to crescent-shaped, 1.3-3.3 × 1.1-2.3 mm, not ringed on proximal end, ± wing-margined; seed-coats usually
8 KB (562 words) - 08:23, 30 July 2020
at maturity woody or fleshy, with 1–20 erect (inverted with age in Sequoia and Sequoiadendron), adaxial ovules. Seeds 1–20 per scale, not winged or with
17 KB (1,137 words) - 00:30, 30 July 2020
and inner leaves; outer leaves 1–5 per side, similar to vegetative leaves or occasionally corrugate near base; inner leaves 1–10, rolled into fusiform structure
23 KB (1,207 words) - 00:56, 30 July 2020
in P. alba); stamens (6–) 8 in chasmogamous flowers, fewer in cleistogamous flowers, not grouped; ovary 2-loculed (sometimes 1 abortive). Fruits capsules
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perennials, 3–120 cm; usually taprooted, sometimes rhizomatous (roots deep or shallow, woody or fibrous, caudices often woody). Stems 1–20+, erect to decumbent
18 KB (964 words) - 20:06, 29 July 2020
Annuals, biennials, or perennials, 5–150 cm (sometimes with ± branched, woody caudices or stout rhizomes). Stems 1–30+, erect, unbranched or branched, green
15 KB (1,046 words) - 22:37, 29 July 2020
apex 2-fid 1/5–1/2 of length, notched, or emarginate; nectaries at base of filaments opposite sepals; stamens usually 10, sometimes 5 or 8, occasionally
21 KB (1,044 words) - 10:15, 30 July 2020
length 0.5–1 times tube; petals 5, lavender, magenta, pink, rose, violet, white, or yellow [red], corolla campanulate, lobes not reflexed, length 1–2 times
25 KB (2,084 words) - 13:06, 30 July 2020
American members of the genus Agalinis (Orobanchaceae). B. M. C. Evol. Biol. 8: 264. Agalinis aphylla, Agalinis aspera, Agalinis auriculata, Agalinis caddoensis
23 KB (952 words) - 19:30, 29 July 2020
terminal, sometimes also axillary, usually panicles of 1-sided spikelike branches (sometimes only 1 branch) attached digitately or racemosely to a rachis
23 KB (1,318 words) - 03:56, 30 July 2020
distinct or connate, sometimes forming an involucre containing 1–80 flowers, when containing only 1 flower, calyxlike, sometimes brightly colored. Flowers unisexual
20 KB (1,275 words) - 09:16, 30 July 2020
> 9 7 Involucellar bractlets (0–)1–2; petals white or purple-tinged; leaf blades lobed, maplelike; plants (0.4–)0.8–1.5(–2) m. Sidalcea malachroides 7
21 KB (668 words) - 11:33, 30 July 2020
the apices, sometimes prolonged 1-3 mm, apices usually rounded; lodicules 2 or 3, membranous, not lobed; anthers 3, 1.5-6 mm, sometimes penicillate; ovaries
28 KB (2,014 words) - 02:45, 30 July 2020
bilaterally symmetric; hypanthium adnate to ovary for proximal 1/4–1/2, free from ovary 0.1–7 mm, abruptly inflated distal to adnation with ovary (H. alba
26 KB (1,593 words) - 12:56, 30 July 2020
in FNA Volume 2. Stems long-creeping to ascending to erect, 1.5–12 mm or more diam. Blades 1-pinnate to pinnate-pinnatifid, rarely 2-pinnate, proximal pinnae
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11 Petals rose-purple; fruits 2-5 cm × 1.2-1.7 mm, valves each with obscure midvein; ovules 22-38 per ovary; seeds 1-1.5 × 0.7-0.9 mm. Streptanthus fenestratus
23 KB (1,011 words) - 12:00, 30 July 2020
taylorii, Erythronium tuolumnense, Erythronium umbilicatum Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 305. 1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 145. 1754. Geraldine A. Allen, Kenneth R. Robertson
18 KB (1,049 words) - 05:39, 30 July 2020
recurved, sometimes straight, 1-year old usually shiny, dark-brown or blackish, older graying, ± stout to ± slender, 2.5–5 (–7) cm. Leaves: petiole length 28–60%
20 KB (1,294 words) - 13:44, 30 July 2020
glabrous, styles subterminal; ovule 1. Fruits aggregated achenes, (1–) 2–200 (–220), obliquely ovoid to reniform, 0.8–3 mm, glabrous; hypanthium persistent;
16 KB (987 words) - 14:06, 30 July 2020
staminodes present or absent. Fruits capsular, globose, 1.3–7 mm, dehiscence valvate. Seeds 1–20+ (unknown in L. nummularia), shiny black, brown, or reddish-brown
18 KB (899 words) - 13:07, 30 July 2020
2–5: 1, walls thin, hyaline; distal laminal cells roundedquadrate to hexagonal, occasionally rhomboidal, distal laminal cells ca. 15–19 µm wide, 1: 1–2,
26 KB (1,447 words) - 07:08, 30 July 2020
numerous, usually ± straight, sometimes ± recurved, 1-year old very dark, usually slender, 1–5 cm. Leaves: petiole length (0–) 10–40 (–60) % blade, pubescent
22 KB (1,233 words) - 13:46, 30 July 2020
Perennials or subshrubs, 50–170 cm (widely branched, stems brittle); leaf lobes less than 1 mm wide; heads erect; involucres 1.5–3 mm diam. (gardens, waste
11 KB (598 words) - 20:49, 29 July 2020
Show Lower Taxa Vitis subg. Muscadinia, Vitis subg. Vitis Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 202. 1753. Michael O. Moore†, Jun Wen Common names: Grape Etymology: Latin
14 KB (773 words) - 18:13, 29 July 2020
leaves simple or 1-odd-pinnately compound; petioles usually present. Simple leaves: blade narrowly elliptic, oblanceolate, or obovate, 1.2-7.5 cm. Compound leaves:
16 KB (698 words) - 08:36, 30 July 2020
keeled, veins obscure or prominent, apices unawned; lower glumes 1 (3) -veined; upper glumes (1) 3 (5) -veined; calluses blunt, glabrous or pubescent; lemmas
22 KB (1,516 words) - 03:14, 30 July 2020
Annuals, 10–200 cm, taprooted, or perennials, 10–100 cm, with deeply seated, woody caudices or stout or slender, creeping rhizomes. Stems (1–8) erect, simple
15 KB (1,165 words) - 20:25, 29 July 2020
below the florets. Glumes much smaller than to equaling the adjacent lemmas, 1-veined, obtuse or acute, often erose; lower glumes 0.3-4.5 mm; upper glumes
20 KB (1,626 words) - 03:20, 30 July 2020
(sterile basal rosettes often present) and/or cauline; mostly opposite (usually 1–10 pairs, distalmost sometimes alternate and usually smaller); petiolate or
16 KB (834 words) - 23:57, 29 July 2020
Stems erect to ascending. Leaves: petiole 1–4 mm; blade oblong-obovate or obovate lanceolate, 1.5–2 × 0.3–0.8 cm, length 2–4 times width, base acute, margins
20 KB (1,036 words) - 14:24, 30 July 2020
rounded-angular, occasionally shortly rectangular or rhomboid, usually 8–13 µm wide, 1: 1, 1-stratose, papillae usually simple to 2-fid, usually solid, with 3–5
28 KB (1,343 words) - 07:04, 30 July 2020
variabilis, Tillandsia ×floridana, Tillandsia ×smalliana Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 286. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed. 5; 138, 1754. Harry E. Luther, Gregory K. Brown Etymology:
9 KB (299 words) - 01:00, 30 July 2020
4-locular, locules opening by valves; pistil 1, 1-carpellate; ovary 1-locular; placentation basal; ovule 1; stigma subsessile, discoid or capitate. Fruits
10 KB (319 words) - 08:27, 30 July 2020
glanddotted; styles 3–5+ mm, branches 1–1.8 mm, proximal 1/2–4/5 stigmatic, apices acute to rounded. Cypselae 1.5–3.5 (–4) mm; pappi usually coroniform
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than more distal cells, 1–2 (–4):1; medial and distal cells rhomboidal to elongate-hexagonal, 8–16 (–20) µm wide, usually (3–) 4–8: 1, walls thin to moderately
12 KB (668 words) - 07:35, 30 July 2020
compressed, obscurely 8–20-angled, faces scabrous and strigose to densely sericeous (usually eglandular); pappi usually persistent, of (1–) 4–20, distinct,
11 KB (947 words) - 22:31, 29 July 2020
opening by 3 or 6, occasionally 4, 8, or 10 ascending to recurved valves; carpophore present or absent. Seeds (1–) 3–20+, yellowbrown to dark-brown, globose
21 KB (985 words) - 10:17, 30 July 2020
reduced; pistil 1, 2 (–3) -carpellate; ovary inferior, usually 2-locular proximally, 1-locular distally; placentation axile; ovules 1–2 per locule, pendulous;
14 KB (815 words) - 08:47, 30 July 2020
to orbiculate, 2–30 cm, herbaceous to ± coriaceous, leaflets 0 or 3, 5, 7, or 9, terminal ovate to elliptic to obovate, 1.7–15 cm, base cuneate to rounded
35 KB (2,155 words) - 15:31, 15 December 2020
of the adaxial surface and margins. Inflorescences terminal, panicles with (1) 5-30 spikelike branches, these usually borne digitately, occasionally in 2-several
21 KB (1,159 words) - 04:42, 30 July 2020
Perennials, (5–) 20–150+ cm; taprooted (rootstocks sometimes woody, branched; stolons produced in some taxa). Stems usually 1, usually erect, usually branched
26 KB (1,108 words) - 20:14, 29 July 2020
Inflorescences terminal, panicles of 1-80 solitary, spikelike branches, exceeding the upper leaves; branches 4-50 (75) mm, not woody, 1-sided, usually racemose on
16 KB (1,065 words) - 04:46, 30 July 2020