Portulacaceae

Adanson
Common names: Purslane Family
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 4. Treatment on page 457. Mentioned on page 11, 505.

Subshrubs [shrubs] or herbs, annual, biennial, or perennial, often succulent or fleshy. Leaves opposite, subopposite, or alternate and sometimes secund, sometimes rosulate or subrosulate, exstipulate (except Portulaca and Talinopsis, with nodal or axillary hairs regarded as stipular); blade margins mostly entire, occasionally dentate to crisped. Inflorescences axillary or terminal, cymose, racemose, paniculate, or umbellate, sometimes glomerate, spikelike, or with flowers solitary, open to congested. Flowers mostly radially symmetric, sometimes slightly irregular (in Montia); sepals 2–9; petals (1–) 2–19 or sometimes absent, distinct or connate basally; stamens 1–many, opposite and sometimes basally adnate to petals; gynoecium 2–9-carpelled; ovary 1, superior (half-inferior to inferior in Portulaca), 1-locular throughout or initially plurilocular and becoming 1-locular distally (in Portulaca), placentation basal or free-central, ovules 1-many; style present, sometimes branched, or absent; stigmas 1–9. Fruits capsular. Seeds smooth or sculptured, with or without strophioles or elaiosomes. x = 4–9, 11, 13, 15, 23.

Distribution

Primarily Southern Hemisphere, poorly represented in Eurasia

Discussion

Genera 20–30, species ca. 500 (9 genera, 91 species in the flora).

The eastern New World species of Portulacaceae seem to have a closer relationship with the African species, and the western New World species a closer one with the Australian species, than the two New World groups have with each other to each other.

The outer perianth segments, referred to herein as sepals, are held by some (e.g., T. Eckardt 1976) to be modified bracteoles, the petals then representing the true sepals. However, the traditional interpretation, adopted here and in most North American floras, still finds current support (R. C. Carolin 1987). A comparable situation prevails with respect to the cauline leaves in Claytonia and other genera, which are widely interpreted to be foliaceous bracts (R. C. Carolin 1987); here again, as is appropriate in a descriptive context, the traditional terminology is employed. In Talinopsis and Portulaca, the stipular nature of the nodal or axillary hairs also has been a matter of discussion. The question was revisited by R. Geesink (1969), who denied their stipular origin.

The relationships of the family are not a matter of dispute (A. Cronquist 1981; R. C. Carolin 1987); the same cannot be said for the relationships and delimitations of the genera, which have always been labile. They are, at present, the subject of active research, which has led to the current acceptance of Phemeranthus and Cistanthe. Changes in the generic classification are discussed in the treatments of the genera concerned.

Because of the uncertain relationships, the genera and species are listed alphabetically.

Selected References

Illustrations

 Family TaxonIllustrator 
FNA4 P73 Calandrinia breweri.jpegPortulacaceae
Portulacaceae
Portulacaceae
Calandrinia breweri
Cistanthe ambigua
Cistanthe maritima
Barbara Alongi
Bee F. Gunn
Bee F. Gunn
FNA4 P74 Cistanthe monandra.jpegPortulacaceae
Portulacaceae
Portulacaceae
Portulacaceae
Portulacaceae
Cistanthe monandra
Cistanthe monosperma
Cistanthe parryi
Cistanthe rosea
Cistanthe tweedyi
Bee F. Gunn
Bee F. Gunn
Bee F. Gunn
Bee F. Gunn
Bee F. Gunn
FNA4 P75 Claytonia exigua.jpegPortulacaceae
Portulacaceae
Portulacaceae
Portulacaceae
Claytonia exigua subsp. exigua
Claytonia exigua subsp. glauca
Claytonia multiscapa
Claytonia parviflora subsp. grandiflora
Barbara Alongi
Barbara Alongi
Barbara Alongi
Barbara Alongi
FNA4 P76 Claytonia perfoliata ssp mexicana.jpegPortulacaceae
Portulacaceae
Portulacaceae
Claytonia perfoliata subsp. mexicana
Claytonia rubra subsp. rubra
Claytonia sarmentosa
Barbara Alongi
Barbara Alongi
Barbara Alongi
FNA4 P77 Claytonia virginica.jpegPortulacaceae
Portulacaceae
Portulacaceae
Portulacaceae
Claytonia virginica
Lewisia cantelovii
Lewisia pygmaea
Lewisia rediviva var. rediviva
Barbara Alongi
Barbara Alongi
Barbara Alongi
Barbara Alongi
FNA4 P78 Lewisia triphylla.jpegPortulacaceae
Portulacaceae
Portulacaceae
Lewisia triphylla
Montia chamissoi
Montia fontana
Barbara Alongi
Barbara Alongi
Barbara Alongi
FNA4 P79 Montia parvifolia.jpegPortulacaceae
Portulacaceae
Portulacaceae
Montia parvifolia
Phemeranthus aurantiacus
Phemeranthus humilis
Barbara Alongi
Barbara Alongi
Barbara Alongi
FNA4 P80 Phemeranthus parviflorus.jpegPortulacaceae
Portulacaceae
Portulacaceae
Phemeranthus parviflorus
Phemeranthus spinescens
Phemeranthus thompsonii
Barbara Alongi
Barbara Alongi
Barbara Alongi
FNA4 P81 Portulaca amilis.jpegPortulacaceae
Portulacaceae
Portulacaceae
Portulaca amilis
Portulaca oleracea
Portulaca pilosa
Bee F. Gunn
Bee F. Gunn
Bee F. Gunn
FNA4 P82 Talinopsis frutescens.jpegPortulacaceae
Portulacaceae
Basellaceae
Talinopsis frutescens
Talinum paniculatum
Anredera cordifolia
Barbara Alongi
Barbara Alongi
Bee F. Gunn

Key

1 Ovary half-inferior to inferior Portulaca
1 Ovary superior > 2
2 Subshrubs; stem nodes pubescent Talinopsis
2 Herbs; stem nodes glabrous > 3
3 Capsule dehiscence circumscissile, valves longitudinally dehiscent from base > 4
3 Capsule dehiscence not circumscissile, valves longitudinally dehiscent from apex > 5
4 Petals 25-40 mm; seeds strophiolate; nc Washington to extreme sc British Columbia Cistanthe
4 Petals 4-26 mm (15-35 mm in Lewisia rediviva); seeds estrophiolate; more widespread Lewisia
5 Stigmas 2; capsule valves 2 Cistanthe
5 Stigmas 1 or 3; capsule valves 2-3 > 6
6 Sepals mostly deciduous; inflorescences not appearing secund; leaves articulate at base, attachment points round, not clasping; capsule valves wholly or partly deciduous > 7
6 Sepals persistent; inflorescences somewhat to markedly secund (at least distally); leaves not articulate at base, attachment points linear, somewhat to markedly clasping; capsule valves not deciduous > 8
7 Leaf blades broadly planate, 1-7 cm wide; capsules tardily dehiscent, valves or portions of them sometimes persistent; exocarp and endocarp distinctly differentiated, sometimes separating; seeds minutely tuberculate or striolate, strophiolate, not covered by membrane Talinum
7 Leaf blades terete or semiterete, 1-3 mm wide, (narrowly planate, 1[-2] cm wide in Phemeranthus aurantiacus); capsules promptly dehiscent, valves deciduous; exocarp and endocarp not evidently differentiated and not separating; seeds smooth, rugulose, or distinctly ridged, estrophiolate, covered by thin, fleshy to chartaceous membrane Phemeranthus
8 Ovules and seeds (1-)7-40 > 9
8 Ovules 3 or 6; seeds 1-6 > 10
9 Leaves and sepals sometimes with elongate, unicellular hairs; sepals distinctly angular or keeled; capsule valves reflexed after dehiscence, margins markedly involute Calandrinia
9 Leaves and sepals without elongate, unicellular hairs; sepals not distinctly angled or keeled; capsule valves not reflexed after dehiscence, margins not markedly involute Cistanthe
10 Cauline leaves 2 (rarely 3 in whorl), distinct or partially or completely connate; ovules 3 or 6 Claytonia
10 Cauline leaves more than 2, distinct; ovules 3 Montia
... more about "Portulacaceae"
John G. Packer +
Adanson +
occasionally dentate;crisped +
Purslane Family +
Primarily Southern Hemisphere +  and poorly represented in Eurasia +
open +  and congested +
paniculate +  and racemose +
terminal +  and axillary +
exstipulate +  and secund +
subrosulate +, rosulate +, alternate +, subopposite +  and opposite +
plurilocular +
connate +  and distinct +
applequist2001a +, bogle1969a +, carolin1987a +, carolin1993a +, hershkovitz2000a +, mcneill1974a +, mcneill1975a +, nilsson1967a +, nyananyo1986a +, nyananyo1990a +, rydberg1932a +  and swanson1966a +
sculptured +  and smooth +
1 +  and many +
1 +  and 9 +
Portulacaceae +
perennial +, biennial +  and annual +
herb +  and subshrub +
fleshy +  and succulent +
23 +, 15 +, 13 +, 11 +, 4 +  and 9 +