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inflorescence branch, sometimes reflexed, straight or curved. Involucral structures tubular (involucre) or consisting of a series of individual bractlike lobes (involucral-bracts)

symmetric (rarely bilateral), sessile, broadly salverform, urceolate, funnelform, or long tubular; flower tube epigynous, usually conspicuous, adnate to upward

erect to deflexed. Involucres 1–8 or more per cluster, smooth or ribbed, tubular, cylindric or narrowly turbinate to broadly campanulate or hemispheric;

flowers subtended by involucral-bracts or enclosed in typically nonmembranous tubular involucres (subfam. Eriogonoideae) or subtended by connate bracteoles forming

unilabiate (Synthyris), ± rotate to salverform, ± cylindric, tubular, funnelform, urceolate, ellipsoid, globular, ovoid, or ligulate; stamens (1 or) 2–4

glandular. Peduncles absent. Involucres 1–6+ per node, 3–6-ribbed, tubular, cylindric to urceolate or turbinate to campanulate; teeth 3, 5, or 6, awn-tipped. Flowers

absent. Flowers bisexual; sepals 5, connate, caly× bilaterally symmetric, urceolate or cupshaped to campanulate, lobes deltate to ovate, inner face glabrous

green, whitish, and/or purplish, 10–30-veined, cylindric to campanulate, urceolate, or clavate, terete, frequently inflated, membranous or more rarely herbaceous

cylindric, hemispheric, obconic, rotate, saucer-shaped, turbinate, or urceolate (in pistillate heads, sometimes forming ± ovoid to fusiform, often ± spiny

Flowers: free portion of hypanthium saucer-shaped, cupshaped, campanulate, or tubular; sepals greenish, white, yellow, pink, red, or purple; petals greenish,

lateral (inner) pair (or, rarely, both pairs) saccate, forming tubular, campanulate, or urceolate calyx; petals 4, alternate with sepals, usually cruciform

sometimes leaflike). Involucres ± hemispheric or turbinate to campanulate or urceolate, 2–10+ mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, 3–15+ in 1–3+ series, distinct or

white trichomes at base. Flowers: hypanthium green to yellow, tubular, becoming urceolate, 2–3 mm, appressed-hairy; calyx lobes minute; stamens: distal

cymiform or corymbiform arrays. Calyculi of 1–6 [–12+] bractlets. Involucres urceolate or cylindric to turbinate, 2–10+ mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, usually

perianth mostly yellow, infrequently whitish or reddish, funnelform to tubular; tepals 6, connate basally into tube atop a typically constricted neck;

forming a tuft (coma); bracts minute. Flowers fragrant; perianth tubular to urceolate, usually constricted basally; tepals 6, connate most of their length

glandular. Peduncles erect to deflexed. Involucres 1 per node, not ribbed, tubular, turbinate; teeth 4 (–5) or 7–30 (–36), 1/2 to completely connate, awn-tipped

triangular; petals 5, connate ca. 3/4 their lengths, white, corolla cylindric to urceolate-cylindric, slightly narrowed at throat, lobes much shorter than tube, (glabrous);

[linear] lanceolate, often with tuft of white hairs. Flowers: hypanthium tubular or urceolate; calyx 4-lobed, lobes spreading; petals absent; disc minute or absent;

campanulate or urceolate, narrow tube abruptly expanding to limb, limb often reflexed at maturity; perianth of pistillate flower tubular, not constricted

bracts, each flower usually bracteate. Flowers: perianth tubular to campanulate or urceolate-cylindric [funnelform]; tepals 6, similar, connate proximally

strongly nodding, curved downward throughout lengths, scarcely gaping, urceolate-tubular; sepals distinct to base, 5.2–8 mm; lateral sepals slightly spreading

erect or deflexed, slender or stout. Involucres 1 per node, not ribbed, tubular, narrowly turbinate; teeth (3–) 4, erect to spreading, awn-tipped. Flowers

lanceolate, calyx radially symmetric, urceolate; corolla pale-yellow, bilaterally symmetric, weakly bilabiate, tubular, tube base not spurred or gibbous,

abaxial surface hairy, adaxial glabrous; corolla white to pinkish white, urceolate-tubular, petals connate most of length, 5–6 × 1.4–1.5 mm, abaxial surface sparsely

muticous, or hyaline-white with pellucid tip, canaliculate-furrowed to tubular, papillose proximally, spinose-serrate medially, smooth apically; alar cells

mm, margins entire, apex acute, surfaces glabrous; corolla white, tubular-urceolate, petals connate most of length, 4–6 × 1.3–2 mm, surfaces glabrous;

lacunate [lacunate], base pale. Inflorescences: scape sheaths narrowly tubular, orifice diagonal, surfaces tomentose to scattered pilosulous, glandular-hairy

horizontal to ascending, white to pale yellowish green, scarcely gaping, urceolate-tubular; sepals distinct to base, 5–8 mm; lateral sepals directed nearly forward

Heuchera pulchella 15 Hypanthia cylindric to narrowly campanulate or urceolate; California > 16 16 Stamens barely included to 1.5 mm exserted; leaf blades

blades obovate-spatulate, 0.7–1.9 × 0.3–0.9 cm, glabrous; corollas tubular-urceolate; carpel 1. Jatropha cuneata 5 Short shoots absent; plants monoecious;

2–6 mm. Ray-florets (6–) 12–18+; corollas yellow or yellow/purple, rarely tubular and 5-lobed, usually distally laminate and 3-lobed, 15–35+ mm. Disc-florets

25–52 mm, glabrous. Flowers blooming at leaf emergence; hypanthium tubular-urceolate, 5–7 mm, glabrous externally; sepals reflexed, oblong, 4–6 mm, margins

pubescent, stipitate-glandular. Flowers: hypanthium pink, narrowly tubular-urceolate, 5–8 mm, stipitate-glandular abaxially, villous-pubescent adaxially;

pale yellowish to rose or red, broadly campanulate when open, narrowly urceolate when closed, smooth or minutely pustulose abaxially, glabrous; tepals 6

monomorphic (terete, subterete, or compresssed) > 24 24 Involucres broadly urceolate to hemispheric or globose; phyllaries usually looped to hooked, usually

mm, hairy. Flowers blooming before leaf emergence; hypanthium tubular to tubular-urceolate, 4–7 mm, hairy externally; sepals erect to spreading, oblong-ovate

pedicels, and hypanthial exteriors hairy > 79 79 Hypanthia tubular (often tubular-urceolate when dried); trees or shrubs, 10–60 dm. Prunus umbellata 79

hairy. Flowers blooming before or at leaf emergence; hypanthium tubular (often tubular-urceolate when dried), 2–4 mm, glabrous or hairy externally; sepals erect-spreading

stipitate-glandular. Flowers: hypanthium greenish white, narrowly tubular-urceolate, 2.5–5 mm, pubescent, stipitate-glandular; sepals not overlapping,

pedicels divaricate-ascending, (straight), 2–7 mm. Flowers: calyx tubular-urceolate; sepals purple, 5–7 mm, slightly keeled or not, (apex recurved); petals

unequal, 1–3-nerved (nerves golden-resinous); disc corolla throats usually tubular, sometimes strongly inflated-indurate; cypselae glabrous, strigose, or sericeous