apophysis and umbo; bracts included or exserted. Seeds winged; cotyledons 4–6. x =12. Boreal and cold north temperate areas, North America, Eurasia Species of
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Grout. 1928–1940. Moss Flora of North America, North of Mexico. 3 vols. in 12 parts. Newfane, Vt. and New York. Vol. 1, pp. 185–190. Williams, R. S. 1913b
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loose tufts or scattered, olive green to dark green. Stems 3–12 cm, erect, mostly simple. Leaves 5–9 mm, strongly crisped and contorted when dry, plane and
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occasionally shortly rostrate, occasionally not differentiated, 0.5–2.5 mm. Calyptra cucullate, 2.5–6 mm, smooth. Spores 13–30 (–50) µm, papillose, rarely densely
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thin-walled or very slightly thickened at apex; median sheath cells 45–90 × 12–15 µm, narrowly rectangular, thin-walled; cells of marginal lamina 10–15 ×
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spikes. Fertile spikelets 8-12 mm, subventricose, urceolate, with 2 fertile florets and 2-3 sterile florets; apical spikelets 4-5 mm, usually with 1 sterile
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Calyptra golden yellow to brownish, completely enveloping the capsule. Spores 5–8 (–12) µm. Generated Map Legacy Map Widely distributed in the North America,
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(0–) 3–4 lamellae longitudinally inserted on adaxial surface of costa, ca. 12 cells in height, occasionally lobed or branching, smooth or hollow-papillose
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blade transversely elongate, 25–30 × 12–18 µm, with a median strip of cells shorter and ± isodiametric. Seta 1–3.5 (–5) cm, brownish, straight to flexuose
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portion, subquadrate to either side. Seta (0.5–) 1.5–2.5 cm, reddish, often twisted below the capsule. Capsule 2–2.5 mm, ± asymmetric, suberect to inclined to
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filamentous or long-triangular, straight or weakly twisted, to 740 µm. Spores 9–12 µm. Distal laminal KOH reaction yellow or red-orange. Generated Map Legacy
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8–1 cm. Capsule 1.5–2.5 mm; peristome teeth 32, linear, twisted 1/2 to once, to 1300 µm, occasionally rudimentary or absent. Spores 9–12 µm. Distal laminal
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of North America Association Cells of mid-limb lamina (8–) 9–12 (–14) µm wide (mean 10.5 µm); cells of distal part of leaf-sheath with 1–6 papillae on
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cell-walls not or moderately thickened; median cells of sheath 8–12 µm wide, narrowly rectangular, 5–7 (–10):1; cells of marginal lamina subquadrate, 10–15 µm
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emarginate, piliferous; costa excurrent, with an abaxial epidermis, filaments 2–12 cells, cells cylindric, thin-walled, with 2–4 hollow papillae on apical cell
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all cells distal to the base roundedquadrate, occasionally slightly oblate, 12–20 (–25) µm, all cells firm, thick-walled, more thickened at the cell angles
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cells short-rectangular; cells of lamina 10–12 µm, subquadrate to irregular. Seta 1–3.5 cm, reddish. Capsule 2.5–4 mm, erect or nearly so, sometimes indistinctly
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20-92 cm tall, 1.5-2.5 mm thick, ascending to erect from a decumbent, branching base. Sheaths glabrous, keeled; ligules 4-9 mm; blades (2) 3-12 cm long, 4-8
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lanceolate; marginal lamina typically broad and often somewhat inflexed, 5–9 (–12) cells wide (to 20 cells wide in var. anomalum), plane to erect, sharply
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hyaline to yellowish; distal medial cells quadrate to rounded-hexagonal, 9–12 µm wide, 1: 1; papillae absent, cell-walls mostly evenly thickened, lumina
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gemmae. Seta 0.8–1 cm. Capsule 1.5–2.5 mm; peristome teeth 32, linear, twisted 1/2 to once, to 1300 µm. Spores 11–12 µm. Distal laminal KOH reaction negative
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median sheath cells 80–100 × 8–12 µm (5:1), elongate-rectangular; sheath cells oblong-linear; cells of marginal lamina 12–16 µm, ± isodiametric; perichaetial
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stem-leaves, proximal laminal cells lax, wider, rectangular, 2–4: 1, 35–115 × 12–25 µm, sometimes somewhat hyaline. Specialized asexual gemmae absent. Sexual
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Stems 5–10 (–20) cm. Leaves 6–12 mm, subsquarrose and broadly spreading-recurved when moist; marginal lamina 2–5 cells wide, erect; lamellae 5–7 cells
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bilaterally symmetric, to 1.5 mm; peristome taxifolius-type; operculum ± as long as theca. Calyptra cucullate, smooth, 1–1.7 µm. Spores 7.5–12 µm. Habitat: Sandstone
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walls thickened, shortrectangular, not perforated; distal laminal cells 9–12 wide, 1: 1, papillae low, simple or scablike, 1 over each lumen, rarely absent
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speciesDidymodon leskeoides K. Saito J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 39: 508, plate 51, figs. 1–12. 1975,. Richard H. Zander Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on
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Smith Merrill Basionym: Polytrichum ohioense Renauld & Cardot Rev. Bryol. 12: 11. 1885 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 131. Mentioned
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Mentioned on page 167. Cells of the mid-limb lamina (6–) 7–10 (–12) µm wide (mean 8.5 µm); cells of distal part of leaf-sheath nonpapillose on abaxial
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only perforated, arising from a low basal membrane, 20–35 µm high. Spores 12–17 µm. Habitat: Dry or fairly moist acidic rocks, boulders and outcrops Elevation:
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tip. Sexual condition dioicous or rhizoautoicous. Seta 5.5–12.5 mm. Capsule urn cylindric, 1.5–3 mm; operculum campanulate, 1–1.4 mm; peristome 600–1200
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J. Sci. 1: 289, plate 12. 1824 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 616. Mentioned on page 615, 617. Plants 0.5–2 mm. Leaves lingulate
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distal cells 50–70 (–80) × 12–20 (–24) µm, 3–4: 1. Specialized asexual reproduction by rhizoidal tubers, in clusters of 2–5 on short lateral rhizoids of
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proximal to infertile and fertile stems. Sporophytes 1 per perichaetium. Seta to 12 mm. Capsule theca exserted, ± erect, radially symmetric to inclined, arcuate
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recurved; median and distal laminal cells rhomboidal to hexagonal, 3–4: 1, 35–70 × 12–18 µm, proximal cells rectangular, 2–4: 1, 40–70 × 18–24 µm, short-rectangular
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Plants less than 2.5 mm, gregarious in abundant, persistent, matted protonemata. Leaves setaceous to linear-lanceolate, 1.1–0.23 × 0.12–0.2 mm; margins serrate
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obscurely veined, lines of insertion on receptacle not prominent; petals 12, 16, or 20, outer greenish at least abaxially, inner creamy white; stamens
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easily distinguished. Spores of D. difficile are finely papillose-verrucose and 12–18(–20) µm; those of D. rhynchostegium are vermicularly papillose-verrucose
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Basionym: Tortula australasiae Hooker & Greville Edinburgh J. Sci. 1: 301, plate 12. 1824 Synonyms: Didymodon diaphanobasis Cardot Husnotiella torquescens (Cardot)
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1 full turn, basal membrane high, ca. 1000 µm; operculum ca. 1.5–2.5 mm. Spores (8–) 12–18 µm, spheric, finely papillose. Phenology: Capsules mature spring–early
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awns. Seta 1–3 cm, stout, flexuose, reddish-brown. Capsule 2.5–3.5 mm, short to almost cubic (1.5–2:1), inclined, becoming horizontal when mature; peristome
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laminal cells long-rectangular; medial and distal cells long-rhomboidal, 12–20 µm wide, 3–5: 1, walls thin, porose; innovation leaves redbrown, somewhat twisted
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deep, compact tufts. Stems 6–12 (–20) cm, simple, densely matted with wooly whitish to light-brownish tomentum. Leaves 2–5 (–6) mm, erect to closely appressed
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along margin, proximal cells short-rectangular to rectangular, 2–4: 1, 25–60 × 12–16 µm, short-rectangular to quadrate in alar region in 2–6 rows extending
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erect-patent when moist, straight to falcate, rigid and somewhat fragile, 2.5–3 (–3.5) × 0.5–0.9 mm; margins broadly recurved on one side throughout, narrowly recurved
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base into filiform, terete, densely spiculate-papillose divisions. Spores 8–12 µm. Habitat: Dry, exposed areas, mostly with high light intensity, acidic
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Patricia M. Eckel Basionym: Barbula brevipes Lesquereux Mem. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1: 12. 1868 Synonyms: Barbula macrotrichia Cardot & Thériot Treatment appears in
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appearing finely papillose, the lumen trapezoidal; sheath cells 46–66 × 12.5–16 µm, 4–6: 1, cells on the back of limb ± uniformly subquadrate, 11–18 µm
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abruptly short-rectangular, 2–3: 1; medial and distal cells 40–60 × 10–12 (–14) µm, 3–5: 1. Specialized asexual reproduction by rhizoidal tubers, on long rhizoids
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full turn, basal membrane high, ca. 1000 µm; operculum ca. 1–2 mm. Spores 12–18 µm, spheric, finely papillose. Phenology: Capsules mature summer. Habitat:
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