Amelanchier interior

E. L. Nielsen

Amer. Midl. Naturalist 22: 185, plate 13. 1939.

Common names: Wiegand’s shadbush amélanchier de l'intérieur
Endemic
Synonyms: Amelanchier wiegandii E. L. Nielsen
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 9. Treatment on page 655. Mentioned on page 649, 658, 661.

Shrubs or trees, 1–10 m. Stems 1–10, forming colonies or solitary. Leaves not fully unfolded; petiole 10–30 mm; blade broadly ovate to elliptic, 30–70 × 20–50 mm, base rounded to subcordate, each margin with 3–15 teeth on proximal 1/2 and (2–) 4 or 5 (–7) teeth in distalmost cm, largest teeth less than 1 mm, apex short acuminate to apiculate, abaxial surface glabrous or sparsely hairy by flowering, surfaces glabrous later. Inflorescences 4–12-flowered, 30–75 mm. Pedicels: 1 or 2 subtended by a leaf, proximalmost 10–45 mm. Flowers: sepals recurved after flowering, 2–5 mm; petals obovate, 6–15 × 4–5 mm; stamens 20; styles 5, 3–5 mm; ovary apex densely (moderately) hairy (or glabrous). Pomes purple-black, 6–8 mm diam. 2n = 4x.


Phenology: Flowering May–Jun; fruiting Jul–Aug.
Habitat: Dry woods, bluffs rocky areas and slopes, stream banks, fields, thickets, and sandy areas, sometimes wetlands
Elevation: 0–300 m

Distribution

V9 1126-distribution-map.jpg

N.B., Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.), N.S., Ont., P.E.I., Que., Ill., Iowa, Mich., Minn., Ohio, S.Dak., Wis.

Discussion

Amelanchier interior is distinguished by its capacity to grow into a tree to ten meters and by having sparsely hairy young leaves that are often reddish and densely hairy ovary apices. E. L. Nielsen (1939) differentiated A. interior and A. wiegandii on the basis of leaves being carinate in A. wiegandii as opposed to flat in A. interior, and leaf sinuses rounded versus acute. G. N. Jones (1946) considered those differences to be slight, and he included A. wiegandii in A. interior. The authors follow Jones, but retain the common name Wiegand’s shadbush to commemorate Wiegand’s early insights about the taxonomy of Amelanchier. M. L. Fernald (1950) considered A. wiegandii as suggesting a small-leaved A. laevis but with shorter buds, fewer teeth, fewer veins, and summit of ovary heavily tomentose. P. Landry (1975) thought A. wiegandii to be the hybrid of A. arborea and A. sanguinea, and E. G. Voss (1972–1996, vol. 2) reasoned that A. interior is a hybrid swarm involving A. laevis (or sometimes A. arborea) and plants of the A. spicata and/or A. sanguinea complex. A hybrid origin of A. interior from A. laevis and A. sanguinea is reasonable given that stem height, the number of leaf teeth, and petal length are more or less intermediate between those two species. DNA sequences from ITS region indicate that A. interior (A. wiegandii) is a possible later-generation hybrid involving a member of the western North American ITS clade (which also includes A. humilis and A. sanguinea of eastern North America) and some eastern North American taxon (C. S. Campbell et al. 1997). Multiple hybrid origins, possibly from different species, may explain the variability of A. interior. Amelanchier interior has unusually large ranges of lengths for proximal pedicels, sepals, and petals. The leaves of A. wiegandii were described by Nielsen as bronze at flowering; Jones described the leaves of A. interior as green when young. The authors assume that A. interior as they interpret it is polymorphic for the color of young leaves.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.
... more about "Amelanchier interior"
hairy +  and glabrous +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (5.5 cm55 mm <br />0.055 m <br />) +
glabrous +  and hairy +
acuminate;apiculate +
Christopher S. Campbell +, Michael B. Burgess +, Kevin R. Cushman +, Eric T. Doucette +, Alison C. Dibble +  and Christopher T. Frye +
E. L. Nielsen +
fissuring in older trees +  and smooth +
salmon colored +, brown +  and gray +
compound +  and simple +
opposite +  and alternate +
rounded +  and subcordate +
3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br /> (7 cm70 mm <br />0.07 m <br />) +
broadly ovate +  and elliptic +
membranous +  and coriaceous +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (?) +  and 5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br /> (?) +
adnate +  and connate +
Wiegand’s shadbush +  and amélanchier de l'intérieur +
N.B. +, Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.) +, N.S. +, Ont. +, P.E.I. +, Que. +, Ill. +, Iowa +, Mich. +, Minn. +, Ohio +, S.Dak. +  and Wis. +
not +  and aggregated +
0–300 m +
unisexual +  and bisexual +
not +  and aggregated +
not +  and aggregated +
purplish +  and nearly black pinkish or maroon-purple dark purple-blue or brownish +
0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br /> (1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br />) +
Dry woods, bluffs rocky areas and slopes, stream banks, fields, thickets, and sandy areas, sometimes wetlands +
glabrous +  and hairy +
funnel +  and campanulate +
nodding +, spreading +, drooping +, erect +, ascending +  and arching +
3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br /> (7.5 cm75 mm <br />0.075 m <br />) +
crassinucellate +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (?) +
deciduous +
pinnate +, dentate +, serrate +  and entire +
toothed +, unlobed +  and lobed +
6-10-loculed +
inferior +  and superior +
biseriate +  and clustered +
collateral +  and basal +
2 +  and 1 +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (5.5 cm55 mm <br />0.055 m <br />) +
0 (?) +  and 4 (?) +
pink +, ivory +  and white +
free +  and distinct +
6mm;15mm +
obovate +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br />) +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br />) +
Flowering May–Jun +  and fruiting Jul–Aug. +
adnate +, free +, connate +  and distinct +
purple-black +
0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br /> (0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br />) +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (4.5 cm45 mm <br />0.045 m <br />) +
Amer. Midl. Naturalist +
4-17-flowered +
not arillate +
persistent +
free +  and distinct +
triangular +  and lanceolate +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br />) +
free +  and distinct +
branched +  and simple +
erect +  and ascending +
hairy;glabrous +
1 +  and 10 +
persistent +
connate +  and distinct +
basal +, lateral +, subterminal +  and terminal +
elongate +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br />) +
Amelanchier wiegandii +
Amelanchier interior +
Amelanchier +
species +
3 (?) +  and 15 (?) +
inconspicuous +
tree +  and shrub +