Buddleja madagascariensis

Lamarck in J. Lamarck et al.

Encycl. 1: 513. 1785.

Common names: Smoke bush
Introduced
Synonyms: Nicodemia madagascariensis (Lamarck) R. Parker
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 17. Treatment on page 329. Mentioned on page 328, 330.

Shrubs, climbing, sarmentose, 20–50 dm. Stems branched, tomentose. Leaves often with globular stipular lines; petiole 5–15 mm; blade ovate to elliptic, 8–15 × 2–5 cm, base rounded, margins entire, apex acuminate, abaxial surface tomentose, adaxial glabrous or glabrate. Inflorescences terminal, tapering-spicate thyrses, 5–25 × 3–5 cm, cymes 10–25 pairs, 5–15-flowered. Pedicels essentially absent; bracteoles present. Flowers slightly fragrant; calyx tomentose externally, tube 2–3 mm, lobes 0.5–1 mm; corolla yellowish orange, salverform, tube 7–9 mm, lobes suborbiculate, 2.5–3.5 × 2–3 mm; stamens inserted proximal to throat of corolla-tube, included in tube; ovary subglobular, 1–1.5 mm, tomentose at tip; stigma clavate, 1–1.5 mm. Fruits berries, bluish purple, globular, 2.5–5 × 2.5–5 mm, papillose, indehiscent. Seeds ovoid, 0.6–0.9 × 0.5–0.6 mm, wings absent. 2n = 38.


Phenology: Flowering Mar–May; fruiting not known in continental United States.
Habitat: Roadsides.
Elevation: 10–20 m.

Distribution

Introduced; Fla., Indian Ocean Islands (Madagascar), also in Mexico, West Indies (Cuba), West Indies (Puerto Rico), South America (Argentina), South America (Uruguay), Europe (Greece), Africa (Republic of South Africa), Indian Ocean Islands (Mauritius), Indian Ocean Islands (Réunion), Pacific Islands (Fiji), Pacific Islands (Hawaii), Pacific Islands (New Caledonia), Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia

Discussion

Buddleja madagascariensis is considered a serious invader in Hawaii at 900–1200 m, where it sets abundant fruits (Hawaii Invasive Species Council, https://dlnr.hawaii.gov/hisc/info/species/smoke-bush/); this contrasts with the report by A. J. M. Leeuwenberg (1979) that he had observed specimens with fruits only from Crete, Madagascar, and Mauritius.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.
... more about "Buddleja madagascariensis"
glabrate +  and glabrous +
acuminate +
Eliane Meyer Norman +
Lamarck in J. Lamarck et al. +
rounded +
indehiscent +, loculicidal +, septicidal +  and dehiscence +
globular;cylindric oblong ellipsoid or subglobular +
8 cm80 mm <br />0.08 m <br /> (15 cm150 mm <br />0.15 m <br />) +
ovate;elliptic +
not +, subleathery +  and not fleshy +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br />) +
campanulate +
indehiscent +, loculicidal +, septicidal +  and dehiscence +
globular +  and cylindric oblong ellipsoid or subglobular +
decussate;opposite +
Smoke bush +
bilabiate +, regular +  and symmetric +
yellowish orange +
salverform +
5-15-flowered +
Fla. +, Indian Ocean Islands (Madagascar) +, also in Mexico +, West Indies (Cuba) +, West Indies (Puerto Rico) +, South America (Argentina) +, South America (Uruguay) +, Europe (Greece) +, Africa (Republic of South Africa) +, Indian Ocean Islands (Mauritius) +, Indian Ocean Islands (Réunion) +, Pacific Islands (Fiji) +, Pacific Islands (Hawaii) +, Pacific Islands (New Caledonia) +, Pacific Islands (New Zealand) +  and Australia +
10–20 m. +
curved +  and straight +
not +  and abundant +
yellow-orange +
fragrant +
trioecious +, dioecious +  and bisexual +
indehiscent +, loculicidal +, septicidal +  and dehiscence +
globular;cylindric oblong ellipsoid or subglobular +
0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br /> (0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br />) +
0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br /> (0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br />) +
loculicidal +, septicidal +  and dehiscence +
Roadsides. +
pseudoverticellate +
alternate +  and opposite +
deciduous +, semipersistent +  and persistent +
cauline +  and basal +
globular +
suborbiculate +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
entire +, subentire +, sinuate-dentate +, undulate +  and crenate +
subglobular +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br />) +
tenuinucellate +, unitegmic +  and hemitropous +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br />) +
Flowering Mar–May +  and fruiting not known in continental United States. +
yellow +  and brown +
0.06 cm0.6 mm <br />6.0e-4 m <br /> (0.09 cm0.9 mm <br />9.0e-4 m <br />) +
0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br /> (0.06 cm0.6 mm <br />6.0e-4 m <br />) +
connate +  and distinct +
Introduced +
pseudoverticellate +
proximal +  and inserted +
pendent +  and erect +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br />) +
as stipular lines +
Nicodemia madagascariensis +
Buddleja madagascariensis +
Buddleja +
species +
tapering-spicate +
5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br /> (25 cm250 mm <br />0.25 m <br />) +
3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br /> (5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br />) +
0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br /> (0.9 cm9 mm <br />0.009 m <br />) +
perennial +, biennial +  and annual +
shrub +  and climbing +