familyPoaceae
subfamilyPoaceae subfam. Panicoideae
tribePoaceae tribe Paniceae
genusDichanthelium
sectionDichanthelium sect. Dichanthelium
speciesDichanthelium dichotomum
subspeciesDichanthelium dichotomum subsp. yadkinense

Dichanthelium dichotomum subsp. yadkinense

(Ashe) Freckmann & Lelong
Mary E. Barkworth
Synonyms: Panicum yadkinense
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 434.
Please click on the illustration for a higher resolution version.
Illustrator: Hana Pazdírková, Linda A. Vorobik

Copyright: Utah State University

Culms 50-100 cm; nodes usually glabrous; internodes usually glabrous, often yellowish-green; fall phase suberect, sparsely branched from the midculm nodes, blades not as greatly reduced as in the other subspecies. Cauline sheaths glabrous, often with pale glandular spots between the prominent veins; blades 9-14 cm long, 7-12 mm wide, thin, widest near the middle and tapering to both ends, glabrous on both surfaces. Spikelets 1.9-2.6 mm, elliptic to subfusiform, glabrous, apices acute or beaked. Upper florets 1.8-2 mm. 2n = 18.

Discussion

Dichanthelium dichotomum subsp. yadkinense grows in rich, moist or wet woods. A relatively uncommon subspecies, its range extends from Pennsylvania to Maryland and south through southern Illinois and southeastern Missouri to Georgia and Louisiana, but not to Florida. It exhibits traits of D. laxiflorum and D. commutatum.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

No values specified."usually distinctly longer and narrower" is not a number."decumbent" is not a number.

... more about "Dichanthelium dichotomum subsp. yadkinense"
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2n chromosome quantity
18 +
Abaxial ligule presence
absent +
Abaxial ligule quantity
common +
Adaxial cell presence
absent +
Adaxial cell shape
bulliform +
Adaxial ligule architecture or pubescence or shape
ciliate +
Adaxial ligule presence
absent +
Adaxial ligule texture
membranous +
Anther quantity
3 +
Apex shape
beaked +  and acute +
Arm cell presence
absent +
Arm cell quantity
anatomy +  and kranz +
Auricle presence
absent +
Author
Mary E. Barkworth +
Authority
(Ashe) Freckmann & Lelong +
Awn atypical quantity
1 (?) +  and 3 (?) +
Awn orientation
arising +
Awn quantity
single +
Back shape
keeled +  and rounded +
Basal rosette season
winter +
Basal rosette variability
well-differentiated +
Base architecture
pseudopetiolate +  and branching +
Base architecture or shape
cormlike +
Base arrangement
divergent +  and parallel +
Base position
intravaginal +, extravaginal +, branching +  and basal +
Base pubescence
pubescent +
Base size
constricted +
Base texture
hard +
Base width
thick +
Between veins glandular spot coloration
pale +
Blade architecture
disarticulating +  and pseudopetiolate +
Blade architecture or arrangement
non-radiate +  and radiate +
Blade arrangement
distant +
Blade coloration
yellow-green +  and purplish +
Blade fusion
distinct +
Blade length
9 cm90 mm <br />0.09 m <br /> (14 cm140 mm <br />0.14 m <br />) +
Blade orientation
Spreading (?) +  and Reflexed or ascending (?) +
Blade position
adaxial +
Blade pubescence
glabrous +
Blade shape
tapering +
Branch architecture
wiry +
Branch orientation
ascending;spreading +
Branch presence
absent +
Branch pubescence
glabrous +
Branch relief
scabridulous +
Branch reproduction
sterile +
Branch shape
spikelike +
Branch some measurement
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
Branchlet arrangement
fascicles +  and divergent +
Branchlet density
dense +
Branchlet orientation
reclining +
Bristle presence
absent +
Bristle reproduction
sterile +
Callus development
not developed +
Caryopsis architecture or pubescence or relief
smooth +
Caryopsis architecture or shape
cleft +
Caryopsis presence
absent +
Caryopsis shape
terete +  and compressed +
Cauline leaf length or size
longer +
Cauline leaf quantity
4 (7) +
Cauline sheath pubescence
glabrous +
Cilium length or size
sometimes longer +
Clump size
Large (?) +  and Small (?) +
Cross-section quantity
3 (?) +
Crown shape
knotty +
Culm architecture
branching +  and hollow +
Culm architecture or arrangement or growth form
solitary +
Culm duration
annual +
Culm growth form
climbing +
Culm growth form or location
floating +
Culm growth form or orientation
decumbent +  and sprawling +
Culm growth form or texture
herbaceous +
Culm orientation
decumbent +  and erect +
Culm pubescence
glabrous +
Culm shape
geniculate +
Culm some measurement
50 cm500 mm <br />0.5 m <br /> (100 cm1,000 mm <br />1 m <br />) +
Culm texture
woody +
Distal cell length or size
long +
Distal cell size or width
narrow +
Distribution
Conn. +, N.J. +, N.Y. +, Va. +, Del. +, D.C. +, Wis. +, W.Va. +, N.B. +, Ont. +, Mass. +, Maine +, N.H. +, R.I. +, Vt. +, Fla. +, Tex. +, La. +, Tenn. +, N.C. +, S.C. +, Pa. +, Puerto Rico +, Ark. +, Iowa +, Md. +, Ala. +, Ill. +, Ga. +, Ind. +, Okla. +, Ohio +, Mo. +, Minn. +, Mich. +, Miss. +  and Ky. +
Embryo quantity
1/2 +
Embryo shape
waisted +
Embryo size
large +
Endosperm texture
hard +
Filament shape
capillary +
Flap character
germination +
Floret architecture
pistillate +  and staminate +
Floret arrangement
adjacent +
Floret atypical quantity
3 +
Floret length or size
sometimes longer +
Floret palea development
well-developed +
Floret palea presence
absent +
Floret palea size
reduced +
Floret quantity
2 +
Floret reproduction
bisexual +
Floret shape
compressed +  and terete +
Fusoid cell presence
absent +
Glume apex architecture
gaping +
Glume architecture or shape
awned +
Glume height or length or size
shorter +
Glume length or size
shorter or longer +
Glume position
subtending +
Glume quantity
2 +
Glume size
unequal +
Glume texture
membranous +
Glume variability
equal +
Hair architecture or shape
awned +
Hair orientation
retrorse +
Hair presence
absent +
Hair quantity
lacking +
Hair shape
uncinate +
Hair some measurement
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br />) +
Hilum arrangement or course or shape
linear +
Hilum coloration or relief
punctate +
Hilum shape
Oval (?) +  and Round (?) +
Illustration
Present +
Illustration copyright
Utah State University +
Illustrator
Linda A. Vorobik +  and Hana Pazdírková +
Inflorescence architecture
bracteate +  and ebracteate +
Inflorescence position
axillary +
Inflorescence position or structure subtype
terminal +
Inflorescences panicle position or structure subtype
terminal +
Internode architecture
solid +  and hollow +
Internode coloration
yellowish-green +
Internode length
elongated +
Internode pubescence
glabrous +
Involute blade arrangement
fascicles +  and divergent +
Involute blade density
dense +
Involute blade orientation
reclining +
Involute blade quantity
numerous +
Involute blade size
reduced +
Involute blade width
thin +
Involute secondary panicle arrangement
fascicles +  and divergent +
Involute secondary panicle density
dense +
Involute secondary panicle orientation
reclining +
Involute secondary panicle quantity
numerous +
Involute secondary panicle size
reduced +
Involute secondary panicle width
thin +
Layer presence
absent +
Leaf arrangement
distichous +
Leaf margin arrangement
Overlapping (?) +
Leaf position
cauline +  and basal +
Lemma architecture or shape
awned +
Lemma coloration
hyaline +
Lemma texture
coriaceous +
Ligule architecture or pubescence or shape
ciliate +
Ligule derivation
true +
Ligule presence
absent +
Ligule some measurement
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (?) +
Ligule texture
membranous +
Lodicule fusion
free +
Lodicule height or length or size
short +
Lodicule presence
absent +
Lodicule prominence
inconspicuous +
Lodicule pubescence
glabrous +
Lodicule quantity
2 +
Lodicule shape
cuneate +
Lodicule texture
fleshy +
Lower floret architecture
staminate +
Lower floret reproduction
sterile +
Lower floret size
reduced +
Lower glume architecture
1-5-veined +
Lower glume quantity
0 +  and 1/3 +
Lower glume shape
obtuse +  and acute +
Lower palea height or length or size
shorter +
Lower palea presence
absent +
Lower palea width
thin +
Lower sheath pubescence
soft-pubescent +
Lowest internode architecture
branching +
Lowest internode pubescence
pubescent +  and glabrous +
Lowest internode variability
varying +
Margin arrangement
separated +
Margin coloration
hyaline +
Margin prominence or shape
flat +
Margin pubescence
glabrous +  and ciliate +
Margin shape or vernation
involute +
Microhair presence
absent +
Midculm blade architecture
branched +
Midculm blade orientation
suberect +
Midculm blade size
reduced +
Midculm node architecture
branched +
Midculm node orientation
suberect +
Midrib architecture
complex +  and simple +
Node architecture
rebranched +  and branched +
Node prominence
concealed +  and prominent +
Node pubescence
glabrous +
Number of lower taxa
0 +
Other quantity
2 +  and 1 +
Ovary presence
absent +
Ovary pubescence
glabrous +
Palea shape
keeled +
Panicle location
subterranean +
Papilla presence
absent +
Pedicel quantity
1 +
Pericarp arrangement
separating +
Pericarp condition or texture
dry +
Pericarp texture
dry +  and fleshy +
Pericarp width
thin +
Primary panicle development
developing +
Primary panicle position
long-exserted +
Primary panicle reproduction
chasmogamous +
Primary panicle some measurement
3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br /> (12 cm120 mm <br />0.12 m <br />) +
Rachis prominence
evident +
Reference
None +
Secondary panicle reproduction
cleistogamous +
Secondary panicle size
small +
Secondary position
higher +
Secondary sheath position
included +
Secondary sheath size
small +
Sheath architecture
open +
Sheath condition
closed +
Sheath height or length or size
usually shorter +
Sheath pubescence
glabrous +
Source xml
https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V25/V25 1182.xml +
Spike architecture
complex +
Spike arrangement
bisexual +
Spike reproduction
unisexual +
Spikelet architecture
veined +
Spikelet arrangement
in triplets +  and paired +
Spikelet character
length +
Spikelet coloration
purplish +  and green +
Spikelet fixation
attached +
Spikelet presence
absent +
Spikelet pubescence
glabrous +
Spikelet quantity
many +  and few +
Spikelet reproduction
unisexual +  and bisexual +
Spikelet shape
elliptic +  and subfusiform +
Spikelet size
reduced +
Spikelet some measurement
0.19 cm1.9 mm <br />0.0019 m <br /> (0.26 cm2.6 mm <br />0.0026 m <br />) +
Spikelet variability
varying +
Stamen quantity
1 +  and 3 +
Starch-grain architecture
simple +
Stigma coloration
red +
Style-branch arrangement
close +
Style-branch atypical quantity
4 +  and 1 +
Style-branch fusion
fused +  and free +
Style-branch quantity
2 (?) +
Style quantity
2 +  and 3 +
Subsidiary-cell shape
dome--shaped +  and triangular +
Surface shape
convex +
Synonyms
Panicum yadkinense +
Taxon family
Poaceae +
Taxon name
Dichanthelium dichotomum subsp. yadkinense +
Taxon parent
Dichanthelium dichotomum +
Taxon rank
subspecies +
Tissue coloration
hyaline +
Tissue texture
membranous +
Upper floret architecture
sessile +
Upper floret length
0.13 cm1.3 mm <br />0.0013 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
Upper floret reproduction
bisexual +
Upper floret shape
subacute +  and obtuse +
Upper floret size
plump +
Upper floret some measurement
0.18 cm1.8 mm <br />0.0018 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
Upper floret width
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br />) +
Upper glume architecture
5-11-veined +
Upper glume architecture or shape
not saccate +
Upper glume height or length or size
usually slightly shorter +
Upper glume presence
absent +
Upper glume size
subequal +
Upper lemma coloration or pubescence or relief
striate +
Upper lemma pubescence
glabrous +
Upper lemma reflectance
shiny +
Upper lemma texture
chartaceous-indurate +
Upper palea coloration or pubescence or relief
striate +
Vein presence
absent +
Vein prominence
prominent +
Vein quantity
2 (?) +
Vein size
major +
Volume
Volume 25 +
Whole organism architecture
rhizomatous +
Whole organism arrangement or pubescence
tufted +
Whole organism duration
perennial +
Whole organism growth form
plant +
Whole organism growth form or habitat
aquatic +  and terrestrial +
Whole organism growth form or texture
herbaceous +
Whole organism reproduction
dioecious +, monoecious +  and synoecious +
Whole organism variability
various +
X chromosome atypical quantity
14 +, 12 +  and 7 +
X chromosome quantity
9 +