Echinochloa esculenta

(A. Braun) H. Scholtz
Common names: Japanese millet
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 402.

Plants annual. Culms 80-150 cm tall, 4-10 mm thick, glabrous. Sheaths glabrous; ligules absent, ligule region sometimes pubescent; blades 10-50 cm long, 5-25 mm wide. Panicles 7-30 cm, dense, rachis nodes densely hispid, hairs papillose-based, internodes scabrous; primary branches 2-5 cm, erect or spreading, simple or branched, often incurved at maturity, nodes hispid, hairs papillose-based, internodes usually scabrous; longer pedicels 0.5-1 mm. Spikelets 3-4 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide, not or only tardily disarticulating at maturity, obtuse to shortly acute, purplish to blackish-brown at maturity. Upper glumes narrower and shorter than the upper lemmas; lower florets sterile; lower lemmas usually unawned; lower paleas shorter and narrower than the lemmas; upper lemmas longer and wider than the upper glumes, broadly ovate to ovate-orbicular, shortly apiculate, exposed distally at maturity; anthers 1-1.2 mm. Caryopses 1.2-2.3 mm, brownish; embryos 84-96% as long as the caryopses. 2n = 54.

Distribution

N.Y., Calif., Pacific Islands (Hawaii), Fla., Mo.

Discussion

Echinochloa esculenta was derived from E. crus-galli in Japan, Korea, and China. It is cultivated for fodder, grain, or birdseed. It has sometimes been included in E. frumentacea, from which it differs in its brownish caryopses and longer pedicels. Hybrids between E. crus-galli and E. esculenta are fully fertile, but those with E. frumentacea are sterile.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"decumbent" is not a number.

... more about "Echinochloa esculenta"
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.12 cm1.2 mm <br />0.0012 m <br />) +
elongate +
membranous +  and firm +
anatomy +  and kranz +
P.W. Michael +
(A. Braun) H. Scholtz +
1 (?) +  and 3 (?) +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (6 cm60 mm <br />0.06 m <br />) +
keeled +  and rounded +
pseudopetiolate +  and branching +
divergent +  and parallel +
intravaginal +, extravaginal +, branching +  and basal +
swelling +
membranous +
disarticulating +  and pseudopetiolate +
non-radiate +  and radiate +
10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br /> (50 cm500 mm <br />0.5 m <br />) +
linear +  and linear-lanceolate +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (2.5 cm25 mm <br />0.025 m <br />) +
subsessile +, compound +  and simple +
spikelike +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
not developed +
spheroid +, ovoid +  and ellipsoid +
0.12 cm1.2 mm <br />0.0012 m <br /> (0.23 cm2.3 mm <br />0.0023 m <br />) +
sometimes longer +
Japanese millet +
branched +  and solid +
80 cm800 mm <br />0.8 m <br /> (150 cm1,500 mm <br />1.5 m <br />) +
erect +  and decumbent +
10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br /> (460 cm4,600 mm <br />4.6 m <br />) +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
N.Y. +, Calif. +, Pacific Islands (Hawaii) +, Fla. +  and Mo. +
0.7-0.9 times as long as the caryopses +
capillary +
germination +
pistillate +  and staminate +
sometimes longer +
compressed +  and terete +
shorter or longer +
subtending +
unequal +
membranous +
papillose-based +
uncinate +
bracteate +  and ebracteate +
solid +  and hollow +
cauline +  and basal +
coriaceous +
membranous +
inconspicuous +
0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br /> (0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br />) +
1/4 +  and 2/5 +
shorter and narrower +
complex +  and simple +
concealed +  and prominent +
2 +  and 1 +
subterranean +
7 cm70 mm <br />0.07 m <br /> (30 cm300 mm <br />0.3 m <br />) +
dry +  and fleshy +
branched +  and simple +
incurved;spreading;erect +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br />) +
elongate +
compressed +
disarticulating +
in triplets +  and paired +
purplish +  and blackish-brown +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
1 +  and 60 +
unisexual +  and bisexual +
obtuse +  and shortly acute +
2mm +  and 2.5mm +
1 +  and 3 +
fused +  and free +
2 +  and 3 +
dome--shaped +  and triangular +
Gramineae +
Echinochloa esculenta +
Echinochloa +
species +
membranous +
broadly ovate +  and ovate-orbicular +
longer and wider +
aquatic +  and terrestrial +
dioecious +, monoecious +  and synoecious +