Echinochloa pyramidalis

(Lam.) Hitchc. & Chase
Common names: Antelope grass
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 394.

Plants perennial; with short, scaly rhizomes. Culms 1-4.6 m tall, to 2 cm thick, geniculate or long-prostrate and rooting at the lower nodes, often floating distally; lower and upper nodes glabrous. Sheaths mostly glabrous, but usually ciliate at the throat; ligules present on the lower leaves, 1-5 mm, of stiff hairs, reduced or absent on the upper leaves; blades 8-75 cm long, 5-30 mm wide. Panicles 15-40 cm, nodes and internodes scabrous; primary branches 2-7.5 cm, solitary to fascicled, erect or ascending, simple or compound, nodes and internodes glabrous or hispid, hairs to 4 mm, papillose-based. Spikelets 2.5-4 mm long, 1-1.8 mm wide, disarticulating at maturity, finely pubescent or glabrous, greenish to purple at maturity. Lower florets staminate; lower lemmas unawned, acute to acuminate or long cuspidate; anthers of lower florets 1-1.5 mm; upper lemmas apiculate to long cuspidate. Caryopses about 2 mm. 2n = 54, 72.

Discussion

Echinochloa pyramidalis is native to Africa, where it is used both as a cereal and a pasture grass. It has been grown experimentally in Gainesville, Florida, but it is not established in North America.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"decumbent" is not a number.

... more about "Echinochloa pyramidalis"
elongate +
membranous +  and firm +
anatomy +  and kranz +
P.W. Michael +
(Lam.) Hitchc. & Chase +
1 (?) +  and 3 (?) +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (6 cm60 mm <br />0.06 m <br />) +
keeled +  and rounded +
pseudopetiolate +  and branching +
divergent +  and parallel +
intravaginal +, extravaginal +, branching +  and basal +
swelling +
membranous +
disarticulating +  and pseudopetiolate +
non-radiate +  and radiate +
8 cm80 mm <br />0.08 m <br /> (75 cm750 mm <br />0.75 m <br />) +
linear +  and linear-lanceolate +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br />) +
subsessile +, compound +  and simple +
spikelike +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
not developed +
spheroid +, ovoid +  and ellipsoid +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (?) +
sometimes longer +
Antelope grass +
100 cm1,000 mm <br />1 m <br /> (460 cm4,600 mm <br />4.6 m <br />) +
erect +  and decumbent +
geniculate +
10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br /> (460 cm4,600 mm <br />4.6 m <br />) +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br />) +
Conn. +, N.J. +, N.Y. +, Wash. +, Va. +, W.Va. +, Del. +, D.C +, Wis. +, Fla. +, Pacific Islands (Hawaii) +, Md. +, Mass. +, Maine +, N.H. +, R.I. +, Vt. +, Wyo. +, N.Mex. +, Tex. +, La. +, N.C. +, N.Dak. +, Nebr. +, Idaho +, Tenn. +, S.C. +, Pa. +, Utah +, Virgin Islands +, Nev. +, Colo. +, Ga. +, Puerto Rico +, Calif. +, Ohio +, Ala. +, Ark. +, Iowa +, Kans. +, Okla. +, S.Dak. +, Ill. +, Ind. +, Ariz. +, Mich. +, Miss. +, Oreg. +, Alta. +, B.C. +, Man. +, N.B. +, Nfld. and Labr. (Labr.) +, N.S. +, Ont. +, P.E.I. +, Que. +, Sask. +, Mo. +, Minn. +, Mont. +  and Ky. +
0.7-0.9 times as long as the caryopses +
capillary +
germination +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br />) +
pistillate +  and staminate +
sometimes longer +
compressed +  and terete +
shorter or longer +
subtending +
unequal +
membranous +
uncinate +
bracteate +  and ebracteate +
solid +  and hollow +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
cauline +  and basal +
coriaceous +
reduced +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br />) +
membranous +
inconspicuous +
1/4 +  and 2/5 +
acute +  and acuminate +
complex +  and simple +
concealed +  and prominent +
2 +  and 1 +
subterranean +
15 cm150 mm <br />0.15 m <br /> (40 cm400 mm <br />0.4 m <br />) +
dry +  and fleshy +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (7.5 cm75 mm <br />0.075 m <br />) +
elongate +
compressed +
disarticulating +
in triplets +  and paired +
greenish +  and purple +
0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
glabrous +  and pubescent +
1 +  and 60 +
unisexual +  and bisexual +
planoconvex +
1mm +  and 1.8mm +
1 +  and 3 +
fused +  and free +
2 +  and 3 +
dome--shaped +  and triangular +
Gramineae +
Echinochloa pyramidalis +
Echinochloa +
species +
membranous +
apiculate +  and long cuspidate +
aquatic +  and terrestrial +
dioecious +, monoecious +  and synoecious +