Frangula purshiana

(de Candolle) A. Gray ex J. G. Cooper

Trans. Amer. Med. Assoc. 10: 228. 1857.

Common names: Cascara
Endemic
Basionym: Rhamnus purshiana de Candolle in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle Prodr. 2: 25. 1825
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 57. Mentioned on page 43, 52, 53, 58.

Shrubs or trees, 1–12 m. Stems red to brown, gray, or green, glabrous or densely hairy. Leaves deciduous or semideciduous, alternate; petiole 6–23 mm; blade usually pale green abaxially, green to bluish or greenish gray adaxially, not glaucous or glaucous when fresh, elliptic to oblong or oblong-obovate, (3.5–) 5–15 cm, herbaceous or distinctly coriaceous, base rounded to subcordate, obtuse, or cuneate, margins entire, irregularly toothed, or serrulate, apex obtuse or truncate, both surfaces glabrous or sparsely to densely hairy, or adaxial velvety; secondary-veins 9–11 pairs. Inflorescences umbels, pedunculate, 10–25-flowered. Pedicels 5–15 mm. Stigmas 2–3-lobed. Drupes black, globose to depressed-globose, 5–10 mm; stones 3.

Distribution

V12 467-distribution-map.jpg

B.C., Calif., Idaho, Mont., Oreg., Wash.

Discussion

Subspecies 3 (3 in the flora).

Selected References

None.

Key

1 Leaf blades distinctly coriaceous, glaucous adaxially when fresh, surfaces papillate. Frangula purshiana subsp. ultramafica
1 Leaf blades herbaceous, not glaucous adaxially when fresh, surfaces not papillate. > 2
2 Leaf blade bases usually rounded to subcordate. Frangula purshiana subsp. purshiana
2 Leaf blade bases usually cuneate. Frangula purshiana subsp. anonifolia
... more about "Frangula purshiana"
perigynous +  and epigynous +
truncate +  and obtuse +
John O. Sawyer† +  and Guy L. Nesom +
(de Candolle) A. Gray ex J. G. Cooper +
rounded +  and subcordate obtuse or cuneate +
Rhamnus purshiana +
protruding +
3.5 cm35 mm <br />0.035 m <br /> (5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br />) +
green +  and bluish or greenish gray +
3[-5]-veined +  and pinnate +
spinulose +, spinose +, serrate +  and entire +
denticulate +, dentate +, crenulate +, crenate +  and serrulate +
elliptic;oblong or oblong-obovate +
5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br /> (15 cm150 mm <br />0.15 m <br />) +
coriaceous +  and herbaceous +
Cascara +
B.C. +, Calif. +, Idaho +, Mont. +, Oreg. +  and Wash. +
globose +  and depressed-globose +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
circumscissile +
free +  and adnate +
unisexual +  and bisexual +
10-25-flowered +  and pedunculate +
semideciduous +  and deciduous +
serrulate;toothed;serrulate;toothed;entire +
intrastaminal +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br />) +
not fleshy +
perigynous +  and epigynous +
adnate +  and distinct +
clawed +, broadly obovate +  and obcordate +
0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br /> (2.3 cm23 mm <br />0.023 m <br />) +
2-4-carpellate +
Trans. Amer. Med. Assoc. +
not furrowed +
obovoid +  and lenticular +
yellowish +  and green or white +
distinct +
spreading +  and erect +
keeled;ovate-triangular +
red +  and brown gray or green +
hairy +  and glabrous +
2-3-lobed +
indehiscent +
glabrous or +  and sparsely densely hairy +
Rhamnus sect. Frangula +  and Rhamnus subg. Frangula +
Frangula purshiana +
Frangula +
species +
deciduous +  and evergreen +
tree +  and shrub +
polygamous +, dioecious +  and synoecious +