Grimmia longirostris

Hooker

Musci Exot. 1: plate 62. 1818,.

Synonyms: Grimmia affinis Hornschuch Grimmia arctophila subsp. labradorica Kindberg Grimmia catalinensis Kindberg Grimmia catalinensis var. mutica Bartram Grimmia elata Kindberg Grimmia ortholoma Grimmia ovalis var. affinis (Hornschuch) Brotherus Grimmia ovata var. affinis (Hornschuch) Bruch & Schimper Grimmia ovateoformis
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 239. Mentioned on page 230, 240, 241, 245, 259, 260.

Plants in compact cushions, yellow-green to dark olivaceous. Stems 1–3 cm, central strand strong. Leaves ovatelanceolate, 1.5–3 × 0.6–0.7 mm, keeled, one margin recurved proximally, not sheathing, awn 0.5–1.5 mm, costal transverse-section prominent, reniform; basal juxtacostal laminal cells long-rectangular to linear, sinuose, thick-walled; basal marginal laminal cells short-rectangular, straight, with thick transverse and thin lateral walls, hyaline; medial laminal cells short-rectangular, sinuose, thick-walled; distal laminal cells 2-stratose, not bulging, marginal cells 2-stratose, not bulging. Sexual condition cladautoicous, perichaetial leaves not enlarged. Seta straight, (1–) 2–4 mm. Capsule usually present, (emergent to) exserted, yellow, oblong-ovoid to cylindric, exothecial cells short to long-rectangular, thin-walled, stomata present in 2–3 rows, annulus of 2 rows of rectangular, thick-walled cells, operculum long-rostrate, peristome present, fully-developed, split and perforate in distal half.


Habitat: Exposed, dry, acidic granite and quartzite
Elevation: low to high eleavations (100-3100 m)

Distribution

V27 327-distribution-map.gif

Greenland, Alta., B.C., Man., N.B., Nfld. and Labr., N.W.T., N.S., Nunavut, Ont., Que., Sask., Yukon, Alaska, Ariz., Calif., Colo., Idaho, Maine, Minn., Mont., Nev., N.H., N.Mex., N.C., Okla., Oreg., S.Dak., Tex., Utah, Vt., Wash., Wyo., Mexico, Central America (Costa Rica), Central America (Guatemala), Central America (Honduras), South America, Eurasia, Africa, Pacific Islands, Australia

Discussion

Grimmia longirostris is one of the most common species of the genus. It is most common in the eastern ranges of the Rocky Mountains, ranging from western Texas through the Canadian Rockies, and throughout much of Alaska. It is widely distributed in the Canadian sub-Arctic and Arctic, and is known from Greenland. With the exception of disjunct sites in Oklahoma and North Carolina, it is absent in the American Great Plains and Southeast. These latter areas are largely composed of calcareous rocks, a substrate avoided by G. longirostris. It is rare in coastal areas, becoming more common inland.

As Grimmia affinis, G. longirostris has commonly been placed as a subspecies of G. ovalis. Despite G. Sayre’s (1951) resolution of the differences between these taxa, a large proportion of specimens in major herbaria in North America that are named G. ovalis are actually G. longirostris. However, G. ovalis is dioicous and has leaves with plane margins that are broadly concave distally, usually with a distinct ovate base and well-defined shoulders. In contrast, G. longirostris is autoicous, and has leaves with one recurved margin, that are narrowly keeled distally, with a poorly defined basal region, often without a distinct shoulder. These characters clearly separate these two taxa at the specific level. Hastings puts G. longirostris into a group that also includes G. arizonae and G. pilifera. Grimmia longirostris is separated from those two species by non-sheathing leaf bases, usually long-exserted capsules, and cladautiocous sexuality. Grimmia longirostris is further separated from G. pilifera by having a stem with a distinct central strand and a thin epidermis, a costal transverse section that is typically reniform, and leaves that are recurved on only one margin. Rare specimens of G. longirostris with immersed capsules in the American Southwest may be almost indistinguishable from G. arizonae. In extremely xeric environments, specimens become friable and break into individual strands, making determination of the cladautiocous sexuality impossible. In these circumstances identification will always be uncertain. However, the leaves of G. longirostris are not sheathing; they are only loosely attached to the stem and usually can be peeled off intact. In contrast, the leaves of G. arizonae are sheathing and strongly attached to the stem; they often break at the base when trying to remove them. The costal transverse sections of G. longirostris are characteristically reniform (J. Muñoz 1998) while those of G. arizonae are usually semicircular. However, gradations from semicircular to reniform are not uncommon.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"thin" is not a number. "thick" is not a number.

... more about "Grimmia longirostris"
deciduous +  and persistent +
well-defined +
differentiated +
Roxanne I. Hastings +  and Henk C. Greven +
Hooker +
only rarely longer +
not papillose +
toothed +
0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br /> (0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br />) +
sinuous +  and straight to sometimes +
sinuose-nodulose;quadrate;elongate +
oblate;elongate +
divided +
Undefined subg. Guembelia +
undifferentiated +
plicate +  and smooth +
less +  and 1/2 +
not papillose +
mitrate +  and cucullate +
small;medium +
sulcate +  and smooth +
pendent +  and erect +
striate +  and smooth +
oblong-ovoid;cylindric +
thin +  and thick +
thick-walled +
rectangular +
excurrent;percurrent;excurrent +
subpercurrent +
reniform +, elliptical +  and terete +
usually not markedly larger +
with at-least several marginal rows +  and 2-stratose +
Greenland +, Alta. +, B.C. +, Man. +, N.B. +, Nfld. and Labr. +, N.W.T. +, N.S. +, Nunavut +, Ont. +, Que. +, Sask. +, Yukon +, Alaska +, Ariz. +, Calif. +, Colo. +, Idaho +, Maine +, Minn. +, Mont. +, Nev. +, N.H. +, N.Mex. +, N.C. +, Okla. +, Oreg. +, S.Dak. +, Tex. +, Utah +, Vt. +, Wash. +, Wyo. +, Mexico +, Central America (Costa Rica) +, Central America (Guatemala) +, Central America (Honduras) +, South America +, Eurasia +, Africa +, Pacific Islands +  and Australia +
low to high eleavations (100-3100 m) +
long-rectangular +
reproduction +  and asexual +
dioicous +, autoicous +  and sexual +
Exposed, dry, acidic granite and quartzite +
papillose +, mammillose +  and smooth +
thick-walled +  and sinuose +
specialized +
dioicous +, autoicous +  and sexual +
0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
keeled +  and ovatelanceolate +
0.06 cm0.6 mm <br />6.0e-4 m <br /> (0.07 cm0.7 mm <br />7.0e-4 m <br />) +
1;multistratose +
thick-walled +  and sinuose +
short-rectangular +
thick-walled +  and sinuose +
thick-walled +  and sinuose +
long-rostrate +
not +  and differentiated +
fully-developed +
lanceolate;linear +
Musci Exot. +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
straight +
sigmoid +  and arcuate +
papillose +  and smooth +
short to long +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
ornamented +  and smooth +
globose +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br />) +
muticous;long-awned +
Grimmia affinis +, Grimmia arctophila subsp. labradorica +, Grimmia catalinensis +, Grimmia catalinensis var. mutica +, Grimmia elata +, Grimmia ortholoma +, Grimmia ovalis var. affinis +, Grimmia ovata var. affinis +  and Grimmia ovateoformis +
Grimmia longirostris +
Grimmia subg. Guembelia +
species +
4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br /> (7 cm70 mm <br />0.07 m <br />) +
yellow-green;dark olivaceous +