Plants annual; loosely tufted. Culms to 110 cm, usually erect, sometimes almost prostrate; nodes glabrous. Lower sheaths often completely surrounding the culms, glabrous or somewhat pilose; ligules 1-4 mm; auricles to 8 mm, well developed even on the upper leaves; blades to 28 cm, usually flat, occasionally with involute margins, glabrous or sparsely pilose, sometimes scabrous. Spikes 3-8 cm long, 7-16 mm wide, pale green to distinctly reddish, especially the awns; rachises disarticulating at maturity. Central spikelets sessile, florets sessile or pedicellate, pedicels to 2 mm; glumes 11-25 mm long, 0.8-1.8 mm wide, flattened, margins usually distinctly ciliate; lemmas 8-14 mm long, to 2 mm wide, more or less smooth, awned, awns 20-40 mm; lodicules glabrous or with 1+ cilia; anthers 0.2-3.2 mm, gray to yellow, sometimes with purple spots. Lateral spikelets staminate, floret sessile; glumes flattened, margins ciliate; lemmas 8-15 mm, awned, awns 20-50 mm; paleas 8-15 mm; rachillas 2.5-6.5 mm, slender or gibbous, yellow. 2n = 14, 28, 42.

Distribution

Conn., Mass., Maine, N.Y., Wash., Del., Utah, Va., Idaho, Oreg., D.C., Pacific Islands (Hawaii), Md., Wyo., N.J., N.Mex., Tex., N.C., Pa., Okla., Calif., Nev., Colo., Alta., B.C., Ala., Ga., Ariz., Mont., S.C.

Discussion

Hordeum murinum is native to Eurasia, where it is a common weed in areas of human disturbance. It is thought to have originated around seasides, sandy riverbanks, and animal watering holes. It is now an established weed in the southwestern Flora region and other scattered locations. The records in Alaska are from the Anchorage area. Prostrate plants are associated with grazing. Three subspecies are recognized.

Selected References

None.

Key

1 Central spikelets sessile to subsessile; lemmas of the central florets subequal to those of the lateral florets, the awns longer than those of the lateral florets; paleas of the lateral florets almost glabrous Hordeum murinum subsp. murinum
1 Central spikelets pedicellate; lemmas of the central florets from subequal to shorter than those of the lateral florets, the awns from shorter to longer than those of the lateral florets; paleas of the lateral florets scabrous to hairy. > 2
2 Lemmas of the central florets much shorter than those of the lateral florets; paleas of the lateral florets scabrous on the lower 1/2; anthers of the central and lateral florets similar in size Hordeum murinum subsp. leporinum
2 Lemmas of the central florets about equal to those of the lateral florets; paleas of the lateral florets distinctly pilose on the lower 1/2; anthers of the central florets 0.2-0.6 mm long, those of the lateral florets 1.2-1.8 mm long Hordeum murinum subsp. glaucum

"decumbent" is not a number.

... more about "Hordeum murinum"
42 +, 28 +  and 14 +
membranous +  and scarious +
gray +  and yellow +
0.02 cm0.2 mm <br />2.0e-4 m <br /> (0.32 cm3.2 mm <br />0.0032 m <br />) +
toothed +, lobed +  and entire +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br />) +
Roland von Bothmer +, Claus Badenf +  and Niels H. Jacobsen +
1 (?) +  and 3 (?) +
basal +  and apical +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br />) +
keeled +  and rounded +
pseudopetiolate +  and branching +
intravaginal +, extravaginal +, branching +  and basal +
swelling +
not evident +
pilose +  and glabrous +
flat +  and more or less involute +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (28 cm280 mm <br />0.28 m <br />) +
spikelike +
hairy +  and glabrous +
not branching +
geniculate +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (110 cm1,100 mm <br />1.1 m <br />) +
not woody +
Conn. +, Mass. +, Maine +, N.Y. +, Wash. +, Del. +, Utah +, Va. +, Idaho +, Oreg. +, D.C. +, Pacific Islands (Hawaii) +, Md. +, Wyo. +, N.J. +, N.Mex. +, Tex. +, N.C. +, Pa. +, Okla. +, Calif. +, Nev. +, Colo. +, Alta. +, B.C. +, Ala. +, Ga. +, Ariz. +, Mont. +  and S.C. +
liquid +, soft +  and hard +
capillary +
sessile +  and pedicellate +
laterally compressed +  and terete +
reduced +
shorter than to longer than the adjacent florets +
11mm +  and 25mm +
subtending +
flattened +
unequal +
0.8mm +  and 1.8mm +
uncinate +
solid +  and hollow +
bisexual +  and sterile +
0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> (1.4 cm14 mm <br />0.014 m <br />) +
glabrous +  and pubescent +
0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> (1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br />) +
stiffly membranous +  and coriaceous +
0mm +  and 2mm +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
inconspicuous +
with 1+ cilia +  and glabrous +
lanceolate +
fleshy +  and membranous +
pilose +  and glabrous +
concealed +  and prominent +
2 +  and 1 +
hairy +  and glabrous +
well-developed +
slightly longer +
keeled +  and ovate +
subequal +
0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> (1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br />) +
straight +  and curved +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
dry +  and fleshy +
spikelike +
disarticulating +
glabrous +  and pubescent +
Introduced +
3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br /> (?) +  and 8 cm80 mm <br />0.08 m <br /> (?) +
disarticulating +  and sessile +
bisexual +  and sterile +
terete +  and compressed +
1 +  and 3 +
simple +  and compound +
2 (?) +  and 3 (?) +
not papillate +
Gramineae +
Hordeum murinum +
species +
membranous +
inconspicuous +
perennial +  and winter-annual +
aquatic +  and terrestrial +