Hylocomium splendens

(Hedwig) Schimper in P. Bruch and W. P. Schimper

in P. Bruch and W. P. Schimper, Bryol. Europ. 5: 173. 1852.

Illustrated
Basionym: Hypnum splendens Hedwig Sp. Musc. Frond., 262, plate 67, figs. 6 – 9. 1801
Synonyms: Hylocomium alaskanum (Lesquereux & James) Austin H. proliferum (Bridel) Lindberg H. splendens var. alaskanum (Lesquereux & James) Limpricht H. splendens var. compactum (Lesquereux & James) Macoun & Kindberg H. splendens subsp. giganteum Vitt H. splendens var. obtusifolium (Geheeb) Paris
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 28. Treatment on page 328. Mentioned on page 325, 337.

Plants to 20 cm. Stems with innovations usually forming ascending series of flat, frondose tiers, fronds 20–35 (–50) mm wide (1-pinnate, fronds as narrow as 8 mm in reduced arctic-alpine forms). Stem-leaves 1–1.7 mm wide; acumen long, crimped (reduced forms ovate, 1–1.8 × 0.7–1 mm; apex rounded to obtuse or often abruptly acute); medial laminal cells 30–70 × 4–6 µm. Primary branch leaves erect-spreading, ovate to elliptic, concave, 0.8–1.3 (–2) × 0.3–0.6 (–0.9) mm; margins reflexed basally, broadly incurved near apex; apex short-acuminate, bluntly acute, or obtuse. Branchlet leaves ovate to elliptic-lanceolate, concave, 0.3–0.8 × 0.2–0.4 mm. Seta 0.5–2.5 cm. Capsule mostly bent horizontal at neck, ovoid to ellipsoid, neck distinct, 1.7–2.8 mm.


Habitat: Soil, humus, rotten logs, and rock over extensive areas of forest, especially boreal conifer forests, also common in arctic and alpine tundra
Elevation: low to high elevations (0-3700 m)

Distribution

V28 511-distribution-map.gif

Greenland, St. Pierre and Miquelon, Alta., B.C., Man., N.B., Nfld. and Labr., N.W.T., N.S., Nunavut, Ont., P.E.I., Que., Sask., Yukon, Alaska, Calif., Colo., Conn., Ga., Idaho, Iowa, Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Mont., N.H., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Oreg., Pa., R.I., S.Dak., Tenn., Vt., Va., Wash., W.Va., Wis., Wyo., Eurasia, Africa, Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia

Discussion

Hylocomium splendens is one of the most common and widespread mosses of the circumboreal forest and Arctic tundra, covering large areas of Canada, Alaska, northern Europe, and Siberia. Variation in nutrients and climate produces variation in size, growth pattern, and leaf morphology over this broad range. Plants from coniferous rainforests of the Pacific Northwest are robust, 3-pinnate, and form deep wefts of stair-step innovations. The stem leaves have long, crimped acumens. Plants from the Arctic tundra, however, are much smaller, only 1- or 2-pinnate, and usually lack the arching innovations. The stem leaves have obtuse or abruptly acute apices. Although these two forms are quite distinct and could easily be named as separate species, between the temperate rainforest and the Arctic tundra there exist plants of every intermediate form. It is best, therefore, to treat this continuum as a single variable species; it does not seem worthwhile to apply names to the infraspecific variants.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"nearly" is not a number. "single" is not a number."broad" is not a number.

... more about "Hylocomium splendens"
obtuse +, acute +  and short-acuminate +
Joseph R. Rohrer +
(Hedwig) Schimper in P. Bruch and W. P. Schimper +
not decurrent +
Hypnum splendens +
2-seriate +  and 1-seriate +
0.13 cm1.3 mm <br />0.0013 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
0.06 cm0.6 mm <br />6.0e-4 m <br /> (0.09 cm0.9 mm <br />9.0e-4 m <br />) +
0.08 cm0.8 mm <br />8.0e-4 m <br /> (0.13 cm1.3 mm <br />0.0013 m <br />) +
erect-spreading +
concave;ovate;elliptic +
0.3mm +  and 0.6mm +
attenuate +
0.03 cm0.3 mm <br />3.0e-4 m <br /> (0.08 cm0.8 mm <br />8.0e-4 m <br />) +
0.02 cm0.2 mm <br />2.0e-4 m <br /> (0.04 cm0.4 mm <br />4.0e-4 m <br />) +
cucullate +
ovoid +  and ellipsoid +
elongate +
not differentiated +
dioicous +  and sexual +
Greenland +, St. Pierre and Miquelon +, Alta. +, B.C. +, Man. +, N.B. +, Nfld. and Labr. +, N.W.T. +, N.S. +, Nunavut +, Ont. +, P.E.I. +, Que. +, Sask. +, Yukon +, Alaska +, Calif. +, Colo. +, Conn. +, Ga. +, Idaho +, Iowa +, Maine +, Md. +, Mass. +, Mich. +, Minn. +, Mont. +, N.H. +, N.J. +, N.Y. +, N.C. +, Oreg. +, Pa. +, R.I. +, S.Dak. +, Tenn. +, Vt. +, Va. +, Wash. +, W.Va. +, Wis. +, Wyo. +, Eurasia +, Africa +, Pacific Islands (New Zealand) +  and Australia +
low to high elevations (0-3700 m) +
arctic-alpine +
reduced +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (3.5 cm35 mm <br />0.035 m <br />) +
Soil, humus, rotten logs, and rock over extensive areas of forest, especially boreal conifer forests, also common in arctic and alpine tundra +
ascending-arching +
0.32 cm3.2 mm <br />0.0032 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
0.16 cm1.6 mm <br />0.0016 m <br /> (0.32 cm3.2 mm <br />0.0032 m <br />) +
oblong-ovate +  and ovate +
incurved +  and reflexed +
distinct +
0.17 cm1.7 mm <br />0.0017 m <br /> (0.28 cm2.8 mm <br />0.0028 m <br />) +
long-rostrate +  and conic +
in P. Bruch and W. P. Schimper, Bryol. Europ. +
elongate +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (2.5 cm25 mm <br />0.025 m <br />) +
extensive +
Illustrated +
spheric +
very broadly ovate;lanceolate +
leafy;monopodial;sympodial +
3-pinnate;2-pinnate +
arching-ascending +
1mm;3mm +
Hylocomium alaskanum +, H. proliferum +, H. splendens var. alaskanum +, H. splendens var. compactum +, H. splendens subsp. giganteum +  and H. splendens var. obtusifolium +
Hylocomium splendens +
Hylocomium +
species +