familyPoaceae
subfamilyPoaceae subfam. Pooideae
tribePoaceae tribe Stipeae
genusJarava
speciesJarava speciosa

Jarava speciosa

(Trin. & Rupr.) Penail.
Mirta O. Arriaga
Common names: Desert needlegrass
Synonyms: Stipa speciosa Achnatherum speciosum
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 24. Treatment on page 181.
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Plants tightly cespitose, not rhizomatous. Culms 30-60 cm, bases orangebrown; nodes 3-6; basal branching intravaginal. Sheaths mostly glabrous, throats densely ciliate, basal sheaths reddish-brown, flat and ribbonlike with age; ligules varying within a plant, lower ligules 0.3-1 mm, densely hairy and ciliate, hairs 0.2-1 mm, often longer than the basal membrane, upper ligules to 2.5 mm, hyaline to scarious, glabrous or hairy, usually less hairy than the lower ligules, sometimes ciliate; blades 10-30 cm long, 0.5-2 mm wide when flat, usually rolled, to 1 mm in diameter, abaxial surfaces glabrous, smooth, adaxial surfaces pilose. Panicles 10-15 cm, dense, frequently partially included in the upper leaf-sheaths at maturity; branches ascending. Spikelets 16-24 mm. Glumes linear-lanceolate, glabrous, tapering from below midlength to the narrowly acute apices; lower glumes 16-24 mm, 1-veined; upper glumes 13-19 mm, 3-5-veined; florets (6) 8-10 mm; calluses 0.8-1.6 (3) mm, sharp; lemmas densely and evenly hairy, hairs about 0.5 mm, without a pappus; awns 35-45 (80) mm, once-geniculate, first segment pilose, hairs 3-8 mm, terminal segment glabrous, smooth; paleas 3.2-5.1 mm, 2/5 – 2/3 (4/5) the length of the lemmas, usually hairy, hairs about 0.5 mm. 2n = 66, 68, about 74.

Discussion

Jarava speciosa grows on rocky slopes in canyons of arid and semiarid regions of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico, and in Chile and northern to central Argentina. Several varieties are recognized in South America. It is not clear to which of these varieties, if any, the North American plants belong.

The reddish brown leaf bases, differing lower and upper ligules, and the pilose, once-geniculate awns make Jarava speciosa an easy species to recognize in North America. It is also an attractive species, well worth cultivating. It prefers open areas with well-drained soils. The growth of young shoots and flowering is stimulated by fire.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"decumbent" is not a number."prolonged" is not a number.

... more about "Jarava speciosa"
RDF feed
2n chromosome quantity
74 +, 68 +  and 66 +
Abaxial ligule presence
absent +
Abaxial ligule quantity
common +
Abaxial surface pubescence
glabrous +
Adaxial cell presence
absent +
Adaxial cell shape
bulliform +
Adaxial ligule architecture or pubescence or shape
ciliate +
Adaxial ligule presence
absent +
Adaxial ligule texture
membranous +  and scarious +
Adaxial surface pubescence
pilose +
Anther quantity
3 +
Apex architecture or shape
awned +, bifid +, bilobed +  and entire +
Apex shape
acute +
Arm cell presence
absent +
Auricle presence
absent +
Author
Mirta O. Arriaga +
Authority
(Trin. & Rupr.) Penail. +
Awn architecture
twisted +  and not branched +
Awn atypical quantity
1 (?) +  and 3 (?) +
Awn atypical some measurement
80 cm800 mm <br />0.8 m <br /> (?) +
Awn orientation
arising +
Awn position
subterminal +  and eccentric +
Awn position or structure subtype
terminal +
Awn pubescence
pilose +  and scabrous +
Awn pubescence or relief
scabrous +
Awn quantity
single +
Awn shape
once-geniculate +
Awn some measurement
3.5 cm35 mm <br />0.035 m <br /> (4.5 cm45 mm <br />0.045 m <br />) +
Axillary panicle position
concealing +
Back shape
keeled +  and rounded +
Basal floret quantity
1 +  and 2 +
Basal sheath coloration
reddish-brown +
Base architecture
pseudopetiolate +  and branching +
Base arrangement
close +
Base coloration
orangebrown +
Base fusion
fused +
Base position
intravaginal +, extravaginal +, branching +  and basal +
Base shape
knotted +
Base size
swelling +
Base texture
hard +
Base width
thick +
Blade architecture or pubescence or relief
smooth +
Blade arrangement
parallel +
Blade arrangement or course or shape
linear +
Blade arrangement or shape
convolute +
Blade length
10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br /> (30 cm300 mm <br />0.3 m <br />) +
Blade prominence
not evident +
Blade shape
rolled +
Blade some measurement
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br />) +
Blade width
0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
Branch course
straight +
Branch orientation
ascending +
Branch quantity
many;1 +
Branch shape
spikelike +
Callus atypical some measurement
3 +
Callus development
well-developed +
Callus pubescence
strigose +
Callus shape
sharp +
Callus some measurement
0.08 cm0.8 mm <br />8.0e-4 m <br /> (0.16 cm1.6 mm <br />0.0016 m <br />) +
Cleistogene presence
not absent +
Common name
Desert needlegrass +
Culm architecture
not branching +
Culm architecture or arrangement or growth form
solitary +
Culm duration
perennial +  and annual +
Culm growth form
climbing +
Culm growth form or location
floating +
Culm orientation
ascending +  and erect +
Culm position
extravaginal +, intravaginal +, branching +  and basal +
Culm some measurement
30 cm300 mm <br />0.3 m <br /> (60 cm600 mm <br />0.6 m <br />) +
Culm texture
not woody +
Distal floret size
reduced +
Distribution
Calif. +
Edge architecture or pubescence or shape
ciliate +
Embryo quantity
0 +  and 1/3 +
Endosperm texture
liquid +, soft +  and hard +
Filament shape
capillary +
Floret architecture
pistillate +  and staminate +
Floret arrangement
adjacent +
Floret length or size
sometimes longer +
Floret pubescence
hairy +
Floret quantity
1 +
Floret reproduction
sexual +
Floret shape
terete +  and lanceoloid +
Floret some measurement
8mm +  and 10mm +
Floret variability
equaling +
Glume architecture
0-5-veined +
Glume architecture or shape
awned +
Glume coloration
hyaline +
Glume fragility
pliable +
Glume height or length or size
shorter +
Glume length
1-10-veined +
Glume length or size
usually longer +
Glume position
subtending +
Glume presence
absent +
Glume pubescence
glabrous +
Glume quantity
1/4 +
Glume shape
tapering +  and linear-lanceolate +
Glume size
unequal +
Glume texture
membranous +
Hair coloration
white +
Hair fixation or orientation
appressed +
Hair length or size
often longer +
Hair shape
uncinate +
Hair some measurement
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
Hilum arrangement or course or shape
linear +
Hilum coloration or relief
punctate +
Hilum shape
Ovate (?) +
Illustration
Present +
Inflorescence architecture
compound +
Inflorescence position or structure subtype
terminal +
Inflorescence size
reduced +
Internode architecture
solid +  and hollow +
Internode presence
absent +
Layer presence
absent +
Leaf arrangement
basally concentrated +  and evenly distributed +
Leaf margin arrangement
Overlapping (?) +
Leaf position
basal +
Leaf some measurement
10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br /> (?) +
Lemma architecture
3-5-veined +
Lemma architecture or shape
not +  and awned +
Lemma arrangement
divergent +
Lemma position
basal +
Lemma pubescence
hairy +
Lemma quantity
1/3 +  and 2/3 +
Lemma shape
ovate +, rectangular +  and lanceolate +
Lemma some measurement
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br />) +
Lemma texture
membranous +
Ligule architecture or pubescence or shape
ciliate +
Ligule architecture or shape
truncate +
Ligule presence
absent +
Ligule pubescence
hairy +  and glabrous +
Ligule shape
rounded +
Ligule texture
membranous +
Lobe some measurement
? (?) +
Lodicule architecture
veined +
Lodicule architecture or pubescence or shape
ciliate +
Lodicule architecture or shape
truncate +
Lodicule presence
absent +
Lodicule prominence
inconspicuous +
Lodicule quantity
2 +  and 3 +
Lodicule shape
lanceolate +
Lodicule size
reduced +
Lodicule texture
fleshy +  and membranous +
Lower glume architecture
1-veined +
Lower glume some measurement
1.6 cm16 mm <br />0.016 m <br /> (2.4 cm24 mm <br />0.024 m <br />) +
Margin architecture or pubescence or shape
ciliate +
Margin arrangement
overlapping +
Midlength position
midlength +
Midrib architecture
simple +
Node prominence
concealed +  and prominent +
Node quantity
3 +  and 6 +
Number of lower taxa
0 +
Other quantity
2 +  and 1 +
Ovary presence
absent +
Ovary pubescence
pubescent +  and glabrous +
Palea architecture
2-veined +
Palea coloration
hyaline +
Palea development
well-developed +
Palea presence
absent +
Palea pubescence
pubescent +  and glabrous +
Palea quantity
2/5 +  and 2/34/5 +
Palea shape
keeled +
Palea size
reduced +
Palea some measurement
0.32 cm3.2 mm <br />0.0032 m <br /> (0.51 cm5.1 mm <br />0.0051 m <br />) +
Palea texture
membranous +
Panicle density
dense +
Panicle development
developing +
Panicle some measurement
10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br /> (15 cm150 mm <br />0.15 m <br />) +
Papilla presence
absent +
Pericarp arrangement
separating +
Pericarp condition or texture
dry +
Pericarp texture
dry +  and fleshy +
Pericarp width
thin +
Prophyll prominence
not evident +
Pseudopetiole presence
absent +
Rachilla length
not prolonged +
Rachis prominence
evident +
Reference
None +
Sheath architecture
open +
Sheath condition
closed +
Sheath length
full +
Sheath pubescence
glabrous +
Source xml
https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V24/V24 248.xml +
Spike architecture
ebracteate +
Spikelet arrangement
mixed +
Spikelet fixation
attached +
Spikelet quantity
1 +  and 60 +
Spikelet reproduction
unisexual +  and bisexual +
Spikelet shape
laterally compressed +  and terete +
Spikelet some measurement
1.6 cm16 mm <br />0.016 m <br /> (2.4 cm24 mm <br />0.024 m <br />) +
Stamen quantity
1 +  and 3 +
Starch-grain architecture
simple +  and compound +
Style-branch atypical quantity
4 +  and 1 +
Style-branch quantity
2 (?) +  and 3 (?) +
Style quantity
2 +
Subsidiary-cell architecture
parallel-sided +
Synonyms
Stipa speciosa +  and Achnatherum speciosum +
Taxon family
Poaceae +
Taxon name
Jarava speciosa +
Taxon parent
Jarava +
Taxon rank
species +
Terminal awn quantity
single +
Terminal floret reproduction
sexual +
Throat architecture or pubescence or shape
ciliate +
Tissue coloration
hyaline +
Tissue texture
membranous +
Upper glume architecture
3-5-veined +
Upper glume some measurement
1.3 cm13 mm <br />0.013 m <br /> (1.9 cm19 mm <br />0.019 m <br />) +
Vein presence
absent +
Vein prominence
inconspicuous +
Vein quantity
2 (?) +
Vein size
major +
Volume
Volume 24 +
Whole organism architecture
not rhizomatous +
Whole organism arrangement or pubescence
tufted +
Whole organism duration
perennial +
Whole organism growth form
plant +  and cespitose +
Whole organism growth form or habitat
aquatic +  and terrestrial +
X chromosome quantity
12 +, 11 +, 10 +, 8 +  and 7 +