Listera auriculata

Wiegand

Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 26: 166, plate 356, fig. 2. 1899.

Common names: Auricled twayblade
Endemic
Synonyms: Bifolium auriculatum (Wiegand) Nieuwland Neottia auriculata (Wiegand) Szlachetko Ophrys auriculata (Wiegand) House
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 26. Treatment on page 589. Mentioned on page 587, 590, 591.

Plants 5–25 cm. Stems pale green, succulent, glabrous. Leaves: blade pale green, suborbiculate to suborbiculate-ovate or elliptic-ovate, 2.5–6 × 1.5–4.2 cm, apex subobtuse. Inflorescences 5–20-flowered, lax, 20–100 mm; floral bracts broadly elliptic to oblong-lanceolate, 2–7 × 1–2 mm, apex obtuse; peduncle and rachis densely glandular-puberulent; bracts, pedicel, and ovary glabrous to rarely glabrate. Flowers pale green to blue-green, fading whitish with age; pedicels stout, 2.5–5 mm, glabrous, rarely glabrate; sepals and petals reflexed away from column and lip; dorsal sepal elliptic-obovate, 3–3.5 × 1.5–2 mm, apex subobtuse; lateral sepals elliptic, oblong, or ovatelanceolate, strongly falcate, 3–4 × 1–1.5 mm, apex subobtuse to acute; petals linear-oblong to linear, falcate, 3–3.7 × 0.8 mm, apex obtuse; lip obovate to oblong, base of lip with auricles curving around and clasping base of column, apex slightly expanded, cleft approximately 1/5–1/3 its length, forming 2 broadly rounded lobes, margins ciliate; disc 3-veined with lateral-veins branched, base with ridge in center; column arcuate, 2.5–3.3 × 1 mm, dilated at distal end. Capsules horizontal to semierect, ellipsoid, 8 × 4 mm.


Phenology: Flowering late Jun–Aug.
Habitat: Alluvial soils in low, moist, hardwood forests or mixed hardwood-coniferous forests, shrub swamps, sphagnum bogs, requires soil that remains cool throughout summer, with high degree of acidity
Elevation: 0–1000 m

Distribution

V26 1202-distribution-map.jpg

Man., N.B., Nfld. and Labr., N.S., Ont., P.E.I., Que., Maine, Mich., Minn., N.H., N.Y., Vt., Wis.

Discussion

Leaves of Listera auriculata forma trifolia (Lepage) Lepage are three in a whorl.

Listera auriculata crosses with L. convallarioides to produce a natural hybrid L. ×veltmanii Case, originally discovered by H. S. Veltman and F. W. Case in 1962. The hybrid is almost exactly intermediate between its putative parents, and it is usually associated with one or the other parent (P. M. Catling 1976). Occasionally it appears to backcross with the parent species. Plants of the hybrid, although intermediate between the two putative parents, frequently differ from the parents in being much taller (to 2.5 dm). Also, the glandular pubescence of the pedicels and ovaries of the hybrid is shorter and sparser than that of the rachis; in L. convallarioides the glandular pubescence is as dense and long on pedicels as on the rachis, continuing on the ribs of the ovary. Pedicels and ovaries of L. auriculata are glabrous. The hybrids may be distinguished by using the following key.

Listera ×veltmanii flowers in July and August. Its habitat is intermediate between those typical of the parents and apparently is often disturbed; 500–800 m. It is known from New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Quebec, Ontario, Michigan, and Wisconsin.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

Key

1 Lip not clawed, sessile or essentially so; auricles or lobes at base of lip curving around and clasping base of column. Listera auriculata
1 Lip clawed, not sessile; auricles or lobes absent or projecting laterally away from column. > 2
2 Auricles or lobes at base of lip absent. Listera convallarioides
2 Auricles or lobes present at base of lip, projecting laterally away from column. ×veltmanii
... more about "Listera auriculata"
self-pollination +
1/5;1/3 +
obtuse +, subobtuse +  and acute +
expanded +
Lawrence K. Magrath +  and Ronald A. Coleman +
Wiegand +
indehiscent +
not +  and articulate +
conduplicate +  and plicate +
2.5 cm25 mm <br />0.025 m <br /> (6 cm60 mm <br />0.06 m <br />) +
suborbiculate +  and suborbiculate-ovate or elliptic-ovate +
1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br /> (4.2 cm42 mm <br />0.042 m <br />) +
glabrous +  and rarely glabrate +
8 cm80 mm <br />0.08 m <br /> (?) +
horizontal +  and semierect +
ellipsoid +
4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br /> (?) +
2.5mm +  and 3.3mm +
Auricled twayblade +
Man. +, N.B. +, Nfld. and Labr. +, N.S. +, Ont. +, P.E.I. +, Que. +, Maine +, Mich. +, Minn. +, N.H. +, N.Y. +, Vt. +  and Wis. +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.35 cm3.5 mm <br />0.0035 m <br />) +
0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
0–1000 m +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br />) +
3-merous +, sessile +  and pedicellate +
fading whitish +, pale green +  and blue-green +
horizontal +  and semierect +
glabrate;glandular-pubescent +
subglobose;ovoid;subglobose;ovoid;ellipsoid +
Alluvial soils in low, moist, hardwood forests or mixed hardwood-coniferous forests, shrub swamps, sphagnum bogs, requires soil that remains cool throughout summer, with high degree of acidity +
lateral +  and terminal +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br />) +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
falcate +, ovatelanceolate +, oblong +  and elliptic +
subopposite +  and opposite +
cauline +  and basal +
reduced +
not +  and deflexed +
obovate +  and oblong +
larger +
rounded +
differing in form and color +
glabrous +  and rarely glabrate +
1-many-flowered +  and cymose +
pendent +  and erect +
glabrate +, glabrous +  and rarely glabrate +
0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br /> (0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br />) +
glandular-puberulent +
3mm;3.7mm +
falcate;linear-oblong;linear +
0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> (?) +
Flowering late Jun–Aug. +
Bull. Torrey Bot. Club +
2-100-flowered +
glandular-puberulent +
aerial +  and subterranean +
slender +
minute +
free +, distinct +, adnate +  and connate +
foliaceous +
not +  and alike +
branched +, or +  and simple +
pale green +
pendent +  and erect +
proliferous +
slender +  and stout +
succulent +
concave +  and convex +
Bifolium auriculatum +, Neottia auriculata +  and Ophrys auriculata +
Listera auriculata +
species +
aquatic +, lithophytic +, terrestrial +  and epiphytic +
saprophytic +, photosynthetic +  and mycotrophic +